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参加皇家狩猎活动 体验俄罗斯狩猎传统

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Fancy-dress horse-riding events are held at the Avanpost Ranch in Mozhaysk, located in the Moscow Region. Anyone who is interested can partake in authentic hound hunting in the 19th-century style.
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Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

莫斯科地区的莫扎伊斯克阿万波斯特牧场举行了古装骑马活动。所有感兴趣的人都可以参加本次还原19世纪风格的猎犬狩猎活动。
The hunt is held in accordance with all the traditions and rules of Russian hound hunting. First, participants dressed in historic costumes form a line, which hunters call "rovnyazhka" (a "straight line"). The royal hunting takes place only in the open and involves at least three packs of dogs.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

此次狩猎完全按照俄罗斯猎犬狩猎的传统和规则举行。首先，身着古装的参与者排成一队，即猎人们所谓的“一条直线”。皇家狩猎只在开阔地进行，需要至少3群狗的参与。
Afterward, the huntsmen release their dogs. If the participants don't want to see the prey being caught, they can set the dogs later, turning the odds in favor of the hare or fox. In this case, the animal has a chance to escape the pursuit.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

随后，猎人会放开他们的狗。如果参与者不想猎物被抓住，可以拖延放狗的时间，以便野兔和狐狸逃生。在这种情况下，猎物将有机会逃脱。
In old times, hunting was considered the best way to prepare warriors for a life of fighting and roaming. Almost all Russian princes realized the importance of hunting.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

古时候，狩猎被认为是让勇士们习惯战斗和游牧生活的最好方式。几乎所有的俄罗斯公侯都深知狩猎的重要性。
There were two kinds of royal and princely hunting: falconry and hunting with hounds. From ancient times, falconry has been known all over the world as a royal entertainment and was an amusement for princes in Russia.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

历史上有两种王室和贵族的狩猎方式：鹰猎和犬猎。自古至今，鹰猎一直是世界各国皇室的一种娱乐，对俄罗斯公侯们来说也是如此。
In the third quarter of the 17th century, aristocrats' hunting turned into a regular activity for Russian czars. This was a special world with its own ceremony and protocol designed to demonstrate to underlings and guests from other lands the glamor and grandeur, authority, and might of king and country.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

17世纪50年代至70年代时，贵族狩猎成为俄国沙皇的一种经常性活动。这个有着自身仪式和模式的特殊世界，向部下和来自其他领地的宾客展示了俄国的魅力和辽阔，以及沙皇的权威和力量。
Masters of the Konyushenny Order prepared the ceremonial items for the royal hunting expedition's horse convey in Moscow. Several masters worked together to create them: saddle makers created saddles; harness makers, the harness; blacksmiths forged horseshoes and stirrups, and silver smiths made decorations.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

皇家侍马官为参加莫斯科皇家狩猎的马队准备礼仪用品。大师们会一起准备物品：马鞍师傅做马鞍；马具师傅做束带；铁匠锻造马蹄铁和马镫；银匠制作装饰品。
During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (1629—1676), hunting acquired a notably political significance in that it allowed contacts between neighboring countries to be improved. Hawks and merlins were presented as diplomatic gifts and were viewed as social status symbols.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

在沙皇阿列克谢·米哈伊洛维奇·罗曼诺夫（Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov）（1629年至1676年）统治时期，狩猎具有明显的政治意义，并改善了俄国与周边国家之间的关系。鹰和隼被作为外交礼物赠送给对方，也被视为社会地位的象征。
Czar Alexei Mikhailovich's falcon hunting was attended to by one hundred falconers who stayed with the birds of prey year-round, night and day. In the palace towns of Kolomenskoye, Sokolniki, and Pokrovskoye (the Sokolniki and Kolomenskoye estates are now part of Moscow, while Pokrovoskoye is situated in the Moscow region, 45 kilometers from the center of the capital).

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

上百名鹰猎师会参加沙皇阿列克谢·米哈伊洛维奇的鹰猎会，他们不分昼夜与猎鹰常年生活在一起。
Proper hound hunting with greyhounds and bloodhounds was only conducted for completely hunting. From 25 to 28 packs of hounds rode out into the fields with guests. They tended to hunt near Pershino at any time of day. In the autumn, they moved to further out places, or so called outlying fields.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

只有在真正狩猎时才会启用猎犬和灵缇。25至28群猎犬会与宾客一起进入田野，随时在佩尔西诺附近狩猎。到了秋天，他们会去更远的地方，或是所谓的野外进行狩猎。
Exchanging hunting trophies between government officials and the political elite of Russia and other countries has contributed to the development of neighborly relations. These gifts served as a reminder of the services and good deeds already performed and expressed the givers’ hope for similar relations in the future.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

政府官员和政治精英与其他国家交换猎物的做法，为俄罗斯的睦邻友好关系发展作出了贡献。这些礼物提醒着对方所受到的优待和善举，也表达了赠予者希望继续保持类似关系的愿望。
The essence of hunting with greyhounds or bloodhounds lies in that the senior huntsman directs the bloodhounds on the trail of an animal that has been chased out of the woods, swamp or meadow into an open area where the hunters are waiting with greyhounds. The greyhounds are released at the right moment from a leash that holds two or more dogs, and they pursue the bloodhounds and animal at a powerful gallop until the dogs catch their pretty. When the prey is caught, the hunter leaps off his horse and takes the prey from the dogs.

Artem Zhitenev/ RIA Novosti

用猎犬或灵缇狩猎的本质在于，首先，由经验丰富的猎人指挥猎犬追逐被撵出森林、沼泽或草甸的猎物，并将它们逼迫到等待着猎人和灵缇的开阔地。之后，被皮带束缚的灵缇会在适当的时机被放开，并以迅猛的速度追上猎犬和猎物，直到将猎物扑倒在地。猎物被捕获后，猎人会从马上跳下，从猎犬口中拿走猎物。
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2013年12月26日
标签: 皇家

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