RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH
俄罗斯的原生态之美：走近冰雪与野生动物的王国 在风景如画的堪察加海域享受海上皮划艇乐趣

俄罗斯候鸟往哪里迁徙过冬？

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Every Russian schoolchild knows that birds fly south for the winter. However, that is not quite true. It all depends on the climatic conditions to which they were initially adapted. Photo: an eagle chick.
向下滚动查看更多

Evgeniy Polonskiy

每个俄罗斯小学生都知道，鸟儿会飞到南方过冬。然而，这并不完全正确。这一切都取决于它们最初能够适应的气候。图中为一只雏鹰。
The Volga Delta (all these photographs were taken in Astrakhan Oblast) is home to one of the most important mass concentrations of birds on the Eurasian continent during the seasonal migrations. At various times, the nature reserve contains 283 species of birds. The bulk of the local avifauna consists of waterbirds, for example, the Caspian Gull.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

伏尔加河三角洲（所有照片在阿斯特拉罕拍摄）是欧亚大陆候鸟进行季节性迁徙时最重要的集中地点之一。在不同时期，自然保护区共生活过283种鸟类。当地鸟类以水鸟为主，如里海海鸥。
Most heron also migrate to the Mediterranean in winter: the greater the number of reservoirs, the vaster and richer the reeds, grasses, bulrushes and other aquatic plants, and the smaller the human population, the more common the heron.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

大多数苍鹭会向地中海迁徙过冬。水库数量越多，芦苇、水草、蒲草等水生植物生长就会越茂盛，生长面积也会越广阔，而且人的数量会越少，苍鹭也就会更加常见。的
In general, the majority of Russia’s birds are migratory: thrushes, ducks, geese, chaffinches, skylarks, and sandpipers (pictured). Come wintertime, none of these birds are able to find the fodder of their summer habitat.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

总的说来，俄罗斯大多数鸟为候鸟，如画眉、野鸭、大雁、花鸡、云雀和鹬等（如图）。到了冬季，这些鸟在夏季栖息地已无法找到食物。
The migrations here last nine months of the year — from March to November. The passage of the Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo) takes it to Chad, Sudan, the Arabian Peninsula, and India.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

一年中，这里的鸟类迁徙期长达9个月，即从3月到11月。衰羽鹤会飞往乍得、苏丹、阿拉伯半岛和印度。
Wheatears are a common species in Russia. They can be found almost everywhere, except in the country’s Far East. Wheatear nests are often attacked by predators — snakes and rodents on the hunt for eggs and chicks.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

漠鵖（麦翁之类的鸣禽）是俄罗斯常见的鸟类。除俄罗斯远东地区外，它们几乎无处不在。漠鵖的巢经常会受到天敌攻击，如寻找鸟蛋和雏鸟的蛇以及老鼠。
The Common Kingfisher differs from other birds that generally reside in Russia by its color: the shiny turquoise blue of its back and head. It winters in the south of Russia, where the rivers do not freeze over, for instance, in the North Caucasus.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

普通翠鸟的毛色与俄罗斯其他常见鸟类不同。其背部与头部的羽毛为浅绿松石色。此类翠鸟通常在俄罗斯南部地区过冬，那里的河流不会结冰，如北高加索。
Another unusually colored bird is the Bee-eater. The Olive Bee-eater (M. superciliosus persicus) migrates to tropical and southern Africa, where a further 15 local subspecies of this bird can be found.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

另一种羽毛颜色与众不同的鸟为蜂虎。马岛蜂虎（M. superciliosus persicus）通常会迁徙到热带以及非洲南部地区，那里可以找到其15种本地亚种。
The Hoopoe should, it would seem, dwell in Africa. But no, it is also present in Eurasia. The south-eastern population of this species is either non-migratory or flies to India.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

戴胜鸟看似为非洲的一种留鸟。然而事实并非如此，它也存在于欧亚大陆。该物种位于俄罗斯东南部的种群或者并不迁徙，或者会飞往印度。
Asia is often the choice of birds of prey, too. The Pale Harrier (eastern population) winters in India, Sri Lanka, and Burma.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

亚洲往往是猛禽选择过冬的栖息地。帕莱鹞（俄罗斯东部种群）会迁徙至印度、斯里兰卡和缅甸过冬。
The Eastern Steppe Eagle migrates from southern Siberia to India and southern China.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

东部草原雄鹰会从西伯利亚南部迁移至印度和中国南部地区。
Sea eagles are like eagles in general (both belong to the hawk family), and among Russian birds are inferior in size only to vultures. In middle latitudes, the young fly south in winter, while the old sometimes live out the cold period on unfrozen bodies of water.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

海雕与普通鹰一样（均属于鹰科），在俄罗斯鸟类中体型仅次于秃鹫。在中纬度地区，年轻的海雕会飞往南方过冬，而老年海雕有时会栖息在未结冰的水面上等待寒冬过去。
Astrakhan Oblast gives temporary peace to rare birds such as the Red Book-listed Little Bustard (Tetrax tetrax). It occasionally nests on the northern border of the region, and the fall sees the appearance of migrating flocks numbering up to 100 birds.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

阿斯特拉罕州能够为红皮书中濒临灭绝的珍稀鸟类提供临时安所，如小鸨。它们偶尔会在该地区北部边界地区筑巢。秋天时，成全迁移的鸟类能够多达100种。
For the Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus), an endangered and transient species, the reserve plays an important role in its preservation. Recent decades have seen only 1-4 birds during the spring and fall migrations. In total, 27 species of birds listed in the Red Book of Russia nest in the Astrakhan nature reserve.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

对于白鹤（Grus leucogeranus）这种濒危与过渡性物种来说，保护区对其生存起着重要的作用。在近几十年的春季与秋季迁徙中，只有1-4种鹤会飞到保护区。总体而言，27种列入俄罗斯红皮书的鸟类会在阿斯特拉罕自然保护区筑巢。
Russia is, of course, still home to a great variety of non-migratory birds, such as the gray partridge. In the steppe areas of the south, the partridges are almost settled. However, in the event of deep snow covering their winter feed, even these birds are forced to migrate to Central Asia, Ciscaucasia, or southern Ukraine.

Evgeniy Polonskiy

当然，在俄罗斯也栖息着种类繁多的留鸟，如灰鹧鸪。在南方草原地区，鹧鸪几乎过着“定居”生活。然而，在食物被厚厚的积雪覆盖的冬季，即使这些鸟也不得不迁移至中亚、高加索或乌克兰南部地区。
打印页面
2013年12月17日
标签: 动物、 冬季

相关文章

阅读更多