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红色帝国的断剑 俄罗斯地方上的人们如何自娱自乐

来自马加丹的淘金工

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Kolyma is home to one of Russia's most abundant gold mining regions. On this picture we can see gold prospectors against the backdrop of a typical gold mine. Water is piped from a reservoir to flush the gold-bearing ores and separate the gold in a rinsing device.
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Sergei Smirnov

科雷马是俄罗斯储量最丰富的黄金开采地区之一。在这张照片中，我们可以看到一处典型的金矿前的淘金者。水通过管道从水库抽过来冲洗含金矿石，在清洗设备中分离出黄金来。
Then a fragmented gold-bearing ore is loaded into the hopper of the rinser. The Kolyma region is located in the far north-eastern area of Russia in what is commonly known as Siberia but is actually part of the Russian Far East.

Sergei Smirnov

然后含金的碎矿石就会被放进冲洗机的料斗。科雷马地区位于俄罗斯东北偏远地区，那里通常被称为西伯利亚，但实际上是俄罗斯远东地区的一部分。
The principal town, Magadan, with a population of 99,399 and an area of 18 square kilometers, is the largest port of north-eastern Russia. Fishing companies as well as gold mining works is the city's industrial base. Here the operator controls the hydromonitor to release a jet of water.

Sergei Smirnov

那里最主要的城镇是马加丹，人口为99,399，面积18平方公里，是俄罗斯东北地区最大的港口。渔业公司和黄金矿场是这座城市的工业基地。照片中操作员在控制水力检测计释放出高速水流。
The stream from the water cannon under great pressure turns the gold-bearing ore in the hopper of the rinser to liquid pulp. The pulp enters the trough (pan) of the rinser.The gold settles under its own weight in the ribbed rubber matting inside the trough, while the lighter ores are washed away.

Sergei Smirnov

水炮中的水流在巨大的压力下将料斗或冲洗机中的金矿石变成液浆。液浆流入冲洗机的槽里。黄金会在自身的重量下在槽里有棱的橡胶垫上沉淀下来，而较轻的矿石则会被冲走。
The next step: the lighter ores are poured out of the rinser together with the water. A bulldozer clears a passage for the flow of water.

Sergei Smirnov

下一步：较轻的矿石会和水一起被泼出去。推土机会为水流清理一条通道。
Workers open the lid of the trough and set about collecting the gold. Flushing the mats. Large chunks of ore are removed first.

Sergei Smirnov

工人打开槽盖，开始收集黄金。冲洗橡胶垫。大块的矿石首先会被清理掉。
The gold is thoroughly rinsed. Historically, Kolyma has frightful reputation. During the Stalinist era it was a common destination for the prisoners of GULAG. Prisoners were being drawn into the Soviet penal system in large numbers during the initial period of Kolyma's development...

Sergei Smirnov

黄金会被彻底冲洗干净。历史上，科雷马的名声很糟糕。在斯大林时代，这里是苏联劳改集中营中囚犯的集中之地。在科雷马的发展初期，苏联的刑法系统曾把大批的囚犯送来这里。
Most notably from the so-called anti-Kulak campaign and the government's internal war to force collectivization on the USSR's peasantry. These prisoners formed a readily available workforce. Today working there is voluntary, of course, though the whether conditions are still severe.

Sergei Smirnov

最显著的时期是在所谓的反富农运动和国内战争期间政府对农民的强制集体化期间。这些囚犯就变成了廉价的劳动力。如今在那里工作是自愿的，不过那里的气候条件依然很恶劣。
At least, people seems to look rather cheerful. The gold is given the old-fashioned bite test - for the photographer only, of course. Gold is removed several times a day. "Golden harvest" is the amount of gold recovered depends on how much was contained in the rock loaded into the rinser.

Sergei Smirnov

至少，人们看起来似乎还非常开朗。黄金要做老式的啮咬测试，当然只是为了拍照而已。黄金每天要清理数次。“收获黄金”是黄金的收获量，而这一数量取决于放进冲洗机中的矿石有多高的黄金含量。
Ore containing small particles of gold is washed in a special room back at the prospectors' base. Operations at the Shturmovoy gold field (pictured) in the Yagodinsky district of Magadan Oblast began in 1934. Soon afterwards, in 1935, construction work began on a miners' village. In the 1990s, the miner settlements at Kolyma began to shut down.

Sergei Smirnov

含有小颗粒的金矿石会被送进探矿基地的一个特殊房间。马加丹州雅戈丁斯基(Yagodinsky)地区的施特尔莫沃金矿（图中）自1934年开始运营。此后不久，一个矿工村于1935年动工兴建。在上世纪90年代，科雷马的矿工定居点开始关闭。
The Shturmovoy field is currently being developed by mining cooperatives with teams operating in shifts. Gold is produced using the open-cut method several months a year in warm weather. Gold extracted at the base undergoes a series of chemical manipulations before being loaded into special containers and transported to a refinery to be made into ingots.

Sergei Smirnov

施特尔莫沃(Shturmovoy)金矿目前正由采矿合作公司开掘，采矿队轮班工作。在每年气候温暖的几个月里，黄金的开采采取明挖法。基地萃取的黄金在经过一系列的化学处理之后，被装入特殊的箱子里，运送送到熔炼厂制成金锭。
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2013年4月9日
标签: 地区、 金矿、 采掘工业

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