征服极北

Tarko Sale is a town (as of March 23, 2004) in Russia and the administrative center of the Purovsky Region of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.

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Andrei Shapran

塔尔科萨列（ Tarko Sale ）是俄罗斯境内的一个城镇（截至2004年3月23日），也是亚马尔 - 涅涅茨自治区普洛夫斯基地区的行政中心。

Tarko Sale was founded in 1932 as a rural settlement. Translated from the Nenets language, "Talka salya" means "settlement between rivers." It is located between the Pyakupur and Aivasedapur rivers.

Andrei Shapran

塔尔科萨列建于1932年，是一个农村定居点，它的名字来自涅涅茨人的语言，塔尔科萨列的意思是“河流之间的定居点”。它位于皮亚库普尔河（ Pyakupur ）和爱瓦瑟达布尔河（ Aivasedapur ）之间。

The indigenous peoples who have inhabited Yamal since time immemorial are first attested in the 11th century. However, the “Edge of the Earth” (the translation of “Yamal”) was penetrated by Novgorod merchants even earlier. Their first impressions of the wealth of this land and its people became legend. Travelers told how squirrels and deer fell to the ground like rain from the clouds.

Andrei Shapran

自古以来生活在亚马尔的土著人，在11世纪才第一个得到证实。可是在更早的时候，诺夫哥罗德商人就已经岛国了这个“世界尽头”（“亚马尔”的意译）渗透由。这片富庶土地和人民财富给他们留下的第一印象成为了传说。旅客讲述着那里的松鼠和鹿是怎样如雨般从云层中掉到地上来。

And it was here in 1592 that King Fedor outfitted an expedition to conquer the land of the "Great Ob." In 1595, a Cossack troop built a fortification by the name of Obdorsk (now Salekhard, the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District). The inclusion of the northern lands as part the emerging Russian state had progressive significance. The establishment of strong economic ties with the peoples of the Ob North contributed to Russia's growing might.

Andrei Shapran

在1592年，费多尔王派出一支探险队去征服所谓的“大鄂毕河”。1595年，一支哥萨克部队建立了一个名为奥布多斯克的军事要塞（现在亚马尔 - 涅涅茨自治区的首府萨列哈尔德）。这对新兴的俄罗斯来说，将北方的土地囊括进来有着重要的意义。与鄂毕北方的人民建立牢固的经济联系，为俄罗斯扩张实力做出了贡献。

The addition of fur revenue to the treasury expanded trade with foreign countries. By the early 20th century, up to 200,000 metric tons of fish and approximately 50,000 furs (fox, squirrel, ermine, etc.) were exported abroad every year.

Andrei Shapran

新出现的毛皮收益扩大了与外国的贸易。到20世纪时，每年会有高达20万公吨的鱼和约5件毛皮（狐狸皮，松鼠皮和貂皮等）出口国外。

The main sectors of the economy in the pre-war years were fishing and reindeer herding, while the fur trade grew tenfold from 1931 to 1940. After the district was established, an entirely new industry began to develop: crop farming. Potatoes, vegetables, and root crops were now grown inside the Arctic Circle.

Andrei Shapran

在一战前，当地的主要经济收入来自的捕鱼和放养驯鹿，而毛皮贸易则在1931年至1940年增长了10倍。在建区之后，一个全新的产业开始发展起来：种植业。土豆、蔬菜和块根作物也在北极圈内开始了种植。

Representatives of small indigenous peoples of the Far North of Russia consider deer the basic product in a food allowance. In the severe weather conditions this product is the only one to guarantee to a human body the sufficient set of fibers, fats, mineral substances and the vitamins necessary for the active ability to live of a person according to its nutritious properties.

Andrei Shapran

俄罗斯极北地区土著人的小族群代表把鹿看成是维持食物供给的基本来源。在恶劣的天气条件下，鹿肉是唯一一种能够保证人体获得足够的纤维、脂肪、必要的矿物质和维生素，维持积极生活能力的营养需要的食物来源。

In the summer of 1958, the Yamal-Nenets Geological Exploration Complex was founded. The hunt began for hydrocarbon deposits.

Andrei Shapran

1958 年夏天，亚马尔-涅涅茨地质勘探局成立。寻找化石能源矿的工作开始了。

On April 14, 1962, the first gas blowout occurred in the Tazovsky tundra. From 1964 to 1966, five more large fields made themselves known, including the Gubkinskoe field (with 350 billion cubic meters of gas) and the largest gas field in the world — Urengoy. 1967 saw the discovery of three other fields.

Andrei Shapran

1962 年 4 月 14 日，塔佐夫斯基（Tazovsky）苔原上喷出了第一口天然气井。在1964 年到 1966 年期间，他们又发现了五处大型天然气田，其中包括古博金斯科（ Gubkinskoe ）天然气田（天然气蕴藏量达3500 亿立方米）和世界上最大的天然气田，乌连戈伊气田。1967 又发现了三处天然气田。