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俄罗斯流行“飞板”冲浪 俄罗斯美女：阿纳斯塔西娅•扎多罗日纳娅

俄罗斯的狮虎兽是如何生下四只狮狮虎兽的

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Novosibirsk Zoo is now the home of a unique animal: a liliger, which is a hybrid of a liger and a lion. The first liliger was born at the zoo in 2012. The very first liliger was named Chiara, after the heroine of "The Lion King."
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Andrey Shapran

新西伯利亚动物园现在有了一只独特的动物：一只狮狮虎兽，也就是狮虎兽和狮子的杂交后代。第一只狮虎兽是2012年在动物园诞生的。第一只狮狮虎兽名为基亚拉，是以《狮子王》的女主角命名的。
Three more cubs have since appeared. Born in May, they are already fairly active, although their mother liger Zita soon ran out of milk and her maternal duty had to be fulfilled by a local cat.

Andrey Shapran

此后又诞生了三只幼崽。自5月份降生之后，它们现在已经相当活跃了，不过它们的狮虎妈妈齐塔很快就没有奶了，只能靠当地的一只猫来代替她给孩子们喂奶。
The liliger cubs are fed twice a day. The baby animals get through 7 kg of meat, one rabbit, 800 g of milk, and one egg per day.

Andrey Shapran

狮虎兽幼崽每天要喂两次。这些小家伙每天要吃掉7公斤的肉，一只兔子，800克的奶，和一只鸡蛋。
Their mother, Zita, was born in the zoo in 2004. A liger is a cross between a lion and a tigress. In terms of size and appearance, ligers are similar to the cave lion from the Pleistocene period and the American lion.

Andrey Shapran

它们的母亲齐塔是2004年在动物园里出生的。狮虎兽是一头狮子和一头母老虎杂交的后代。在个头和样貌方面，狮虎兽类似更新世时期的洞狮和美洲狮。
Zita's birth was spontaneous and completely unplanned. "No one even thought about producing a unique hybrid," Roza Solovyova, a senior zoo technician at Novosibirsk Zoological Park, rightly observes. "We put two cubs — a lion and a tiger — in the same cage to save space. It is common practice; young predators can live in harmony together, just as long as they don't have to fight for food. The lion and tiger cubs became friends, romping around and "playing tag" with each other. When the animals grew up, we put them in separate enclosures, of course, but the loving couple didn't give the entire zoo a moment's peace.”

Andrey Shapran

齐塔的降生是自发的，完全在意料之外的。“根本没有人想过要繁育一头独特的杂交品种，”新西伯利亚动物园的高级技术人员罗扎·索洛夫约娃说道：“我们把两只幼崽 - 一只狮子和一只老虎 - 放在同一个笼子里以节省空间。这是很常见的做法，年幼的食肉动物可以和谐地在一起生活，只要不用争夺食物就没问题。这对狮子和老虎幼崽成了好朋友，一起玩耍，一起“玩捉迷藏”。等它们长大了，我们自然会把它们放在单独的笼子里，可这对恩爱夫妻闹得整个动物园没有片刻安宁。”
The father of baby liligers is Sam, an African lion. Initially, hybrid big cats were born by chance, like Zita, in menageries and circuses. But when handlers noticed the colossal fascination with these unusual creatures, ligers began to be bred on purpose. European circuses call the cats "money makers."

Andrey Shapran

狮狮虎兽幼崽的父亲是非洲狮萨姆。最初，大型猫科动物的杂交品种是偶然诞生的，比如齐塔，是在动物园和马戏团里出现的。但在饲养员发现这些不寻常的生物的巨大魅力后，人们开始有目的地繁殖狮虎兽。欧洲马戏团称之为“摇钱树”。
The liger is the largest cat in the world. And the largest of the ligers is Hercules, who resides at the "Jungle Island", Miami, USA, interactive theme park. Hercules weighs 410 kg — the equivalent of 100 domestic cats, or two large lions, or 5-6 people (the carrying capacity of a standard elevator). Rearing up on his hind legs, Hercules is just short of being a four-meter-tall giant.

Andrey Shapran

狮虎兽是世界上最大的猫科动物，而最大的狮虎兽是美国迈阿密交互式主题公园的“丛林岛”上的大力神。大力神体重达410公斤，相当于100只家猫，或是两只大狮子，亦或5到6个人的体重（标准电梯的承重）。用后腿站起来的话，大力神就差不多是一个四米高的巨人了。
Male ligers, with rare exceptions, have almost no mane, but unlike lions, ligers can and do swim. Another distinctive feature is that female ligers (ligresses) can produce offspring, which is unusual for feline hybrids.

Andrey Shapran

雄狮虎兽除了极少数例外，几乎都没有鬃毛，可它们不像狮子，狮虎兽是会游泳的。另一个显著特点是，雌狮虎兽（ligresses）是可以生育后代的，这在杂交猫科动物中是很不寻常的。
The remarkable gigantism of ligers is likely the result of genomic imprinting. Genes that accelerate the growth of the foetus and the placenta under genomic imprinting typically act on the paternal chromosome, while those that inhibit foetal growth do likewise on the maternal.

Andrey Shapran

狮虎兽庞大的个头可能是基因组印迹的结果。在父本染色体基因组印记的作用下，基因会加速胎儿和胎盘的生长，而抑制胎儿生长的基因则来自母本染色体。
It is assumed that polygamous species (including lions, whose females may mate with several males) are more strongly influenced by their paternal genes than are monogamous species (which include tigers). Ligers acquire the lion's genes, which more actively promote growth in offspring, while the tigress's genes inhibit and weaken them. This explains why a liger is larger than a lion, and why a tigon is smaller than a tiger.

Andrey Shapran

据推测，一妻多夫的物种（包括狮子，雌性可能与几只雄性交配）比一夫一妻的物种（包括老虎）更强烈地受到父本基因的影响。狮虎兽获得了狮子的基因，因此基因会更积极促进后代的生长，而母老虎的基因则会抑制和削弱后代生长。这就解释了为什么狮虎兽的个头比狮子还大，而虎狮兽的个头会比老虎小了。
As a rare beast that does not exist in the wild, the liger has become emblematic: the Zaeltsovsky region of Novosibirsk put it on its coat of arms — in honor of Zita. Novosibirsk students write essays about Zita, and one of the Palaces of Children's Art is called "Liger."

Andrey Shapran

作为一种在野外不存在的罕见动物，狮虎兽已成为了象征性的动物：新西伯利亚市的扎耶尔索夫斯基区把它放在了区徽上，以此来纪念齐塔。新西伯利亚的学生还写了关于齐塔的论文，还有一处儿童艺术宫被称为“狮虎宫”。
The star of the zoo, Zita, is kind and playful. She looks with surprise and interest at strangers, and greets familiar faces with something approaching a smile. Every day, Zita munches her way through 8 kg of meat, so she looks super-fed.

Andrey Shapran

这家动物园里的明星齐塔，是温顺而俏皮的。她会用意外和感兴趣的眼神看着陌生人，对靠近的熟悉面孔会还以微笑。每天齐塔都要吃掉8公斤的肉，所以它显得非常健壮。
"Zita knows the face of almost every single child in the region," says Roza Solovyova. "Of course, Zita's enclosure is surrounded by a high barrier, so it's impossible to get close to the cage and stroke her. She is after all a predator, and no one really knows when her instincts might suddenly awaken."

Andrey Shapran

“齐塔认得这个地区的几乎每个孩子的脸，”罗扎·索洛夫约娃说：“当然，齐塔的笼子外有很高的围栏，所以想靠近抚摸她是不可能的。它毕竟是食肉动物，谁也不知道它的本能什么时候会突然觉醒。”
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2013年8月3日
标签: 自然、 动物

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