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俄罗斯美女：世界名模萨沙·露丝 挑战速度、不惧风险、怀揣梦想的俄未来赛道之星

俄“海象”的冰水挑战：寒冬在公开水域游泳

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Winter swimming or “walrusing” (swimming in open water in winter) is a common pastime in Finland, the Baltic countries and Russia.
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Andrey Shapran

冬泳或“海象”（指冬季在公开水域游泳）是芬兰、波罗的海国家和俄罗斯常见的消遣活动。
Each country associates such swimmers with a sea creature. In Russia and Poland they are called “walruses,” in Finland “otters” or “seals,” and in North America “polar bears.”

Andrey Shapran

每个国家都把冬泳爱好者比作一种海洋生物。他们在俄罗斯和波兰被称为“海象”；在芬兰则被称为“水獭”或者“海豹”；在北美则被称为“北极熊”。
Expert opinion and practice suggests that the benefits of winter swimming outweigh the potential harm. Bathing in an ice-hole increases blood circulation, relieves pain in the shoulders, joints and back, and reduces depression, asthma symptoms and insomnia. Winter swimming helps patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia.

Andrey Shapran

专家研究和实际情况都表明，冬泳的好处大于潜在危害。在冰洞中沐浴可以促进血液循环，缓解肩膀、关节和背部的疼痛，同时可以减少抑郁症、哮喘和失眠。冬泳对类风湿性关节炎和纤维肌痛患者也大有裨益。
Enthusiasts say that winter swimming helps overcome stress, invigorates the body and soul, improves blood circulation and increases “cold resistance.”

Andrey Shapran

冬泳爱好者们认为冬泳有助于缓解压力，使人身心焕然一新，改善血液循环并增加“抗寒能力”。
There are health risks too, so be sure to consult a doctor before taking the plunge. The combination of cold water and bathing is not suitable for people with heart and circulatory problems, or severe asthma.

Andrey Shapran

由于冬泳对健康造成的风险较大，所以在尝试前一定要咨询医生。冷水游泳不适合有心脏及循环系统疾病或重度哮喘的人。
Full immersion is also not recommended, since a wet head increases heat loss. And although the cold dip is brief, there is a significant loss of body heat, which can lead to hypothermia. To avoid catching cold, dress warmly after bathing.

Andrey Shapran

此外，也不推荐全身浸泡在冷水中，因为打湿头部会增加热量流失。尽管浸在冷水中的时间较为短暂，但在这期间身体热量也会大量流失，从而可能导致低体温症。为防止感冒，应在游泳后穿暖和一点。
Winter swimming competitions are often held in Russia, usually ranging from 25 to 200 meters. But there are also winter swimming “marathons” over much greater distances. To cover an open stretch of water one kilometer or more requires excellent health and special training. Twenty minutes in such water would be enough to freeze the average person to death.

Andrey Shapran

冬泳比赛通常在俄罗斯举行，其距离一般在25米到200米，但也有距离更远的冬泳“马拉松”。要游完一公里或者更长的开放水道需要良好的健康状况和特殊训练。在这样的水温中呆20分钟足以让一般人死于寒冷。
There are no more than 30 people in the world able to cover a kilometer in 0°C water, and the overwhelming majority of them are Russian.

Andrey Shapran

能在0℃的水中游完一公里的人全世界不会超过30个，他们中的绝大多数都是俄罗斯人。
Typically the winter swimming season begins when the reservoirs ice over, and lasts till late March. There is also the Russian Orthodox tradition of bathing in a cross-shaped hole on the Epiphany (January 19).

Andrey Shapran

通常来说，冬泳季从水库结冰后开始，一直持续到3月下旬。俄罗斯东正教的传统也是在主显节（1月19日）当天在十字形的孔洞中沐浴。
This type of hole is called a “Jordan.” Bathing in such a hole is believed to wash away all sins, since evil spirits roaming the Earth disappear into the Jordan at Yuletide.

Andrey Shapran

这种孔被称作“约旦”，人们相信在其中洗澡能洗去所有罪恶，因为弥漫在地球上的邪恶会在耶诞节期从“约旦”孔消失。
Physiologist Ivan Pavlov wrote: “The common cold and cooling of the body are mainly observed in pampered humans who dress too warmly and avoid frosty air, ventilated rooms and sponging down with cold water. Hardened people do not know what it is to catch cold. They are healthier and possess more energy and vital functions.”

Andrey Shapran

生理学家伊凡·巴甫洛夫（Ivan Pavlov）写道：“感冒和畏寒主要出现在那些娇生惯养的人中，他们穿得过于温暖并不喜欢呼吸寒冷空气、给屋子通风以及拿冰水擦拭身体。勤加锻炼的人根本不知道什么是感冒。他们更为健康，精力更加充沛。”
Winter swimming should definitely be combined with a Russian bathhouse or banya. After taking a cold dip, be sure to put on a warm pair of boots and wrap yourself up in a blanket so as not to catch cold (just in case you are not one of the Pavlovian elite).

Andrey Shapran

冬泳一定要和俄罗斯澡堂结合起来。建议冬泳者在浸过冷水后穿上温暖的靴子，并用毯子裹住自己以免着凉（不是所有人都像巴甫洛夫所说的那么身体强壮）。
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2015年1月7日
标签: 健康、 俄罗斯人、 冬季

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