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在顿河畔罗斯托夫感受哥萨克风情

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
More than 1,000 km to the south of Moscow lies Rostov-on-Don, one of the largest cities in Russia. The city was founded in 1749 as a fortress to protect the Russian Empire’s southern borders from invasions by Crimean Tatars and Turks. In the 19th century, Rostov-on-Don became the largest trade city in the south of Russia.
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Nikolay Korolyoff

俄罗斯最大的城市之一顿河畔罗斯托夫位于莫斯科以南1000多公里处。这座城市始建于1749年，最初作为保护俄罗斯帝国南部边界的要塞，防止克里米亚鞑靼人和土耳其人入侵。19世纪，顿河畔罗斯托夫成为俄罗斯南部最大的贸易城市。
Rostov-on-Don is accessible from Moscow by driving along the M4 Highway, by train from Kazansky, Paveletsky, or Kursky Train Stations, or on flights from Sheremetyevo, Vnukovo and Domodedovo airports.

Nikolay Korolyoff

从莫斯科出发，可沿M4公路行驶抵达顿河畔罗斯托夫。如果乘坐火车，可从喀山火车站、巴维列茨火车站或库尔斯克火车站出发前往。如果选择飞机出行，莫斯科谢列梅捷沃、伏努科沃和多莫杰多沃机场均有航班飞往顿河畔罗斯托夫。
Rostov-on-Don is a multiethnic city. Since the days of the Russian Empire, mostly Cossacks inhabit the lands on the Don River. In Soviet times, the Cossacks faced persecution due to their freestyle way of life. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cossacks were restored to their land and place in society.

Nikolay Korolyoff

顿河畔罗斯托夫是一座多民族聚居的城市。俄罗斯帝国时期，大部分哥萨克人居住在顿河河畔。苏联时期，哥萨克人因生活方式自由而遭到迫害。苏联解体后，哥萨克人得以重返家园并获得相应的社会地位。
Zmievskaya Balka is the most tragic place associated with Rostov-on-Don. During the city’s second occupation by German troops in 1942, this was the site where large amounts of the city’s civilian population were massacred. During the occupation, a total of 27,000 Rostov-on-Don residents were killed here. According to witnesses who managed to hide, gunshots and screams could be heard from many kilometers away from this place. A memorial now stands in this spot.

Nikolay Korolyoff

兹米耶夫谷（Zmievskaya Balka）是顿河畔罗斯托夫最悲惨的地方。1942年，这座城市被德军第二次攻占，城中很多平民在兹米耶夫遭到屠杀。据统计，在被占领期间，共有27000名居民在此处被杀害。据当时躲藏起来的目击者说，可以听到距离许多公里以外的枪声和尖叫声。这种景象现在犹在眼前。
Today’s Rostov-on-Don is a modern, prosperous city, although it’s interesting to note that the city has preserved its historic architecture. In addition, 30 and 40 years ago, there were garbage collection points for glass dishware.

Nikolay Korolyoff

虽然今天的顿河畔罗斯托夫市内仍保留有历史悠久的建筑，但并不影响它成为一座现代化和繁荣的城市。此外，30至40年前，这里还曾经是玻璃餐具废品回收地。
The river embankment in Rostov-on-Don is one of its residents’ favorite places for taking a stroll. Many summer cafes with a view of the Don River are situated here. A monument of a Rostov woman, the work of sculptor Anatoly Sknarin, is one of the main sights here. The monument was dedicated to all women of Rostov-on-Don.

Nikolay Korolyoff

河堤是当地居民最喜欢的散步场所之一。夏天，可以坐在咖啡馆中饱览顿河的美景。由雕塑家阿纳托利•斯科纳林（Anatoly Sknarin）创作的罗斯托夫女性雕像是这里的主要景点之一。这座纪念碑是为敬献给顿河畔罗斯托夫市的所有女性。
Not far from Rostov-on-Don, on the road to the Ukrainian city of Donetsk, is a monument dedicated to World War II. This monument is abandoned, one of many that was on especially bloody battlefields in the Soviet Union in the mid-20th century. Many of these monuments are far from populated areas and local authorities often lack the money necessary to maintain them. However, people driving by stop and lay flowers at these abandoned memorials. The picturesque nature of southern Russia and the fiery temperament of freedom-loving Cossacks made Rostov-on-Don and its surrounding areas extremely enticing. There inspired the novel “And Quiet Flows the Don” by Mikhail Sholokhov, the only writer from the era of Socialist Realism who received the Nobel Prize in 1965 (with official permission from Soviet authorities).

Nikolay Korolyoff

在距离顿河畔罗斯托夫不远处，通向乌克兰顿涅茨克的路上，竖立着一座献给第二次世界大战的纪念碑。这座纪念碑是为了纪念20世纪中叶苏联经历的铁血战争年代，但现在却已被遗弃。很多纪念碑被树立在远离人群的地方，地方政府往往缺乏必要的维护资金。然而，自驾者并未遗忘这些历史遗迹，途径时都会停车敬献鲜花。
There are many fields of sunflowers in the steppes surrounding Rostov-on-Don. This is the predominant agriculture in the Rostov region.

Nikolay Korolyoff

成片的向日葵种植在顿河畔罗斯托夫周围的草原上。这里是罗斯托夫州的主要农业区。
The heron is a typical example of this region’s fauna. This birds enjoy this area and are not afraid of humans. So if you see a heron like this, you can easily walk up to it and take a picture.

Nikolay Korolyoff

苍鹭是这一地区动物种群的典型代表。这种鸟很喜欢这里，它们不怕人。因此，如果你看到这样的苍鹭，可以轻易靠近它拍照片。
Stanovnici Rostova na Donu vrlo su gostoljubivi i najčešće ćete susretati ljubazne domaćine.

Izvor:Nikolaj Koroljof

这座城市的居民都非常好客，你会经常遇到快乐的女主人。
Ono što posebno privlači ljude Rostovu na Donu i njegovoj okolici su živopisna priroda ruskog juga i vatreni temperament slobodoljubivih kozaka, što je inspiriralo i Mihaila Šolohova za poznati roman Tihi Don. Šolohov je bio jedini socrealistički pisac koji je dobio Nobelovu nagradu za književnost 1965., uz službeni blagoslov sovjetskih vlasti.

Izvor:Nikolaj Koroljof

俄罗斯南部风光如画的自然环境遗迹热爱自由的哥萨克人，使得顿河畔罗斯托夫及周边地区变得极具吸引力。1965年，凭借小说《静静的顿河》，米哈伊尔•肖洛霍夫（Mikhail Sholokhov，获得苏联政府官方批准）成为当时的社会主义时代唯一获得的诺贝尔文学奖的作家。
Pecanje je omiljena razonoda Rostovljana. Mnogi vikendom odlaze iz grada u stepu na piknik pored jezeraca nastalih nakon proljetnog plavljenja Dona.

Izvor:Nikolaj Koroljof

钓鱼是这座城市居民的另一种消遣方式。很多人会在周末离开城市前往草原，在春季洪水过后仍然存在的小池塘旁野餐。
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2014年8月5日
标签: 俄罗斯城市、 旅游、 民族、 罗斯托夫州

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