RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH RBTH
安东·契诃夫庄园的戏剧之春 鲍里斯·米哈伊洛夫扫描仪摄影作品选集

刻板俄罗斯印象：源自自身多于外界误解

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
We are all at the mercy of our own stereotypes. When it comes to Russia and stereotypes that exist in the minds of foreigners, everyone immediately recalls the mysterious "Russian soul." But the concept is too metaphysical, and Russian soulfulness cannot be pigeon-holed, even by Russians themselves most of the time. On the other hand, there are very many domestic stereotypes, which form the basis of all sorts of jokes, caricatures, etc.
向下滚动查看更多

Olga Gromova

我们的思想总是被自己的刻板印象所束缚。每当谈及俄罗斯以及存在于外国人头脑中的固有观念时，每个人都会立刻想起那个所谓的神秘的“俄罗斯灵魂”。然而，这一概念太过于形而上学，甚至俄罗斯人在大多数时候也无法满怀情感地将俄罗斯归类。另一方面，还存在许多国内已经定型的观念，它们表现为各种笑话、漫画等。
A perennial favorite of Russian anecdotes is the Russian granny or babushka. She shows herself in many different lights, is humble and always ready to help relatives, and spends a lot of time filling the bellies of her grandchildren. But sometimes Russian babushkas display a surprising level of wit and cunning.

Olga Gromova

老奶奶或老祖母是俄罗斯各种趣闻轶事中常常出现且受人喜爱的人物。她的形象也是各种各样：她很谦逊，随时准备帮助自己的亲人，尽一切力量使自己的孙辈填饱肚子，但有时她也会表现出令人称奇的机智和狡猾。
Russians are fond of quoting the poet Nekrasov: "A Russian woman will stop a galloping horse and go into a burning hut." And indeed Russian jokes very often feature women of grit and action, who support the family and hold the domestic purse strings. Their male counterparts in jokes and cartoons are very often helpless and idle. The comic effect comes from the contrast between the overbearing (and often physically large) dame and her sluggish (and frail) husband.

Olga Gromova

俄罗斯人常常喜欢引用诗人涅克拉索夫作品的片段，如“俄罗斯女人让奔跑的马停了下来，并进入一座正在燃烧的小屋。”事实上，俄罗斯不少笑话与妇女的勇气和行动有关，她们支撑起家庭并掌管家中的财政大权。在笑话和漫画中，丈夫的形象通常是懒惰和无能的。这种喜剧效果常源自霸道夫人（往往体型巨大）与她懒惰的丈夫（且体弱）。
Returning to babushkas, the one closest to Russian hearts and minds is Baba-Yaga, the (anti-)heroine of childhood fairy tales. Baba Yaga would not describe herself as a witch, although she lives in a log cabin at the edge of a forest, and occasionally eats naughty children...

Olga Gromova

让我们再回到老祖母的话题上。童年时的童话（反面）女主角雅戛婆婆更接近于俄罗斯人心目老祖母的形象。雅戛婆婆不会将自己描绘成一个女巫，尽管她生活在森林边缘的小木屋中，偶尔还会吃掉顽皮的孩子……
But it would be a mistake to think of Baba-Yaga as the embodiment of pure evil. At times she is good-humored and placid, even willing to give valuable advice to the younger generation. In fairy tales, it is very often she who helps the protagonist resolve the conflict.

Olga Gromova

然而，将雅戛婆婆纯粹视为邪恶的化身却是错误的。有时，她脾气很好，很平静，甚至愿意给年轻一代提出宝贵意见。在童话故事中，她还经常帮助主人公解决难题。
But that's in fairy tales, whereas in reality Russians try to avoid conflict. And the easiest way to avoid conflict is not to communicate at all. Therefore, almost all foreigners in Moscow for the first time notice that Russians (Muscovites, in any case) are not prone to smile. What is there to smile about? Rushing to and from, weighed down by problems, they don't have a moment's peace!

Olga Gromova

只不过这是在童话中，在现实生活中俄罗斯人总是试图避免发生冲突。做到这一点最简单的方法是不沟通。因此，几乎所有到莫斯科的外国人都会第一时间发现，俄罗斯人很少面带微笑（在任何情况下莫斯科人都如此）。为什么要微笑呢？他们奔波往来，为各种问题焦虑，没有片刻的安宁！
Russians can seem particularly unwelcoming in the cold, dark days of winter, when everyone tries to get from home to work even more quickly than usual. It is commonly believed, regrettably, that Russians are not very communicative (at least when meeting for the first time), and do not, in general, try to engage total strangers in debate or exchange flirtatious glances on public transport, for example.

Olga Gromova

生活在寒冷、黑暗冬日中的俄罗斯人似乎特别不友好，每个人在此时都试图用比以往更快的速度从工作地点回到家中。令人遗憾的是，人们普遍认为俄罗斯并不喜欢与他人打交道（至少第一次见面是如此）。在一般情况下，俄罗斯人不会尝试参与陌生人的讨论或是在公共交通中眉目传情。
Transport in itself is a separate topic of Russian anecdotes. It is always overcrowded, and rush-hour commuters are lucky simply to make it on board, squashed in like sardines. At other times of the day, there is an ongoing struggle for seats. Public signs proclaim that such-and-such seats are reserved for people with disabilities, senior citizens, and women with children, but in fact they are the least likely contenders to get a perch — more often than not, the benches are occupied by sleeping men and sprawling teenagers.

Olga Gromova

公共交通是俄罗斯各种趣闻轶事中一个独立的主题。俄罗斯的公交系统上总是人满为患，在高峰期能够挤进像沙丁鱼罐头一样的车厢中已经是件幸运的事。在此外的其他时间里，人们则在为抢座位不断斗争。尽管公共标志上清楚地写着老弱病残专座等字样，但事实上这些人往往得不到座位。霸占这些座位的常常是睡大觉的男人和不守规矩、四肢摊开的青少年。
Transport segues into another ubiquitous subject of Russian jokes — bad roads and crooked cops. Two of the most fertile topics! Everyone likes to crack jokes about the police, especially their crafty flair for fining drivers. The traffic cop's whistle and black-and-white striped baton truly are his orb and scepter. Sometimes they hide in the bushes along the highway, or even disguise themselves as old ladies to give unsuspecting motorists the fright of their lives.

Olga Gromova

公交系统同时也是俄罗斯笑话的重要主题，即难行的道路和不正派的警察。这绝对是两个可以发挥的主题。每个人都喜欢讲关于警察的笑话，尤其是他们在给司机开罚单时展现出的天赋。口哨和黑白条纹的指挥棒是交通警察的法宝。有时，他们会藏在高速公路两旁的灌木丛中，甚至伪装成老太太吓唬不知情的司机。
"Hey! That's cute!" exclaims the child in this picture, eyeing a grim industrial region through the window of a stuffy suburban train. Collected here are some highly colorful characters: intelligent ladies of advancing years; a research institute employee with a battered briefcase; a doleful grandfather; an ageing blockhead with a can of beer... Generally speaking, Russians are quite self-critical and not afraid to mock themselves. But others cannot forgive such irony. However, the hard feelings will only last until the next knees-up, where you will be forgiven, kissed to death, and treated to something nice...

Olga Gromova

“嘿！真好玩儿！”。图中：孩子正在透过憋闷的市郊火车窗户注视着严肃的工业区。这时可以收集到许多丰富多彩的画面：聪明年老妇人、携带长期被磨损的公文包的研究机构雇员、表情寂寥的老爷爷、手拿啤酒罐的衰老的傻瓜……一般来说，俄罗斯人相当具有自我批判精神，也不惧怕自嘲，但其他人却无法原谅这样的讽刺。然而，这种反感只会持续到下一次聚会。在那里，你会得到原谅，会被疯狂地亲吻，还会在人们的严重变得很美好……
打印页面
2013年5月22日
标签: 平民生活、 俄罗斯人、 传统

相关文章

阅读更多