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摄影师伊戈尔·莫可辛出版的摄影集《我的莫斯科》 俄罗斯乡村铁匠美丽的家

追寻猎鹰的轨迹

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Falconry is one of the most spectacular varieties of hunting with birds of prey. As a rule, the tamed birds are falcons or hawks. Hunting with golden eagles is a traditional art of the Eurasian steppes, particularly in Central Asia.
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Pavel Mikheyev

放鹰捕猎是借助猛禽的最壮观的一种狩猎方式。按照规矩，驯化的品种都是猎隼或鹰。
Falcons often prey on birds, while golden eagles are used to catch beasts. This type of hunting is many centuries old, and remains a popular pastime to this day.

Pavel Mikheyev

猎鹰通常捕食鸟类，而金雕则用来捕捉野兽。这种狩猎方式已经有几个世纪的历史了，现在仍然是一种受欢迎的娱乐方式。
If the game is fox or hare, the only eagle capable of catching it is the golden eagle. The bird's strong, even powerful build, huge claws, strong beak, and wingspan of up to 2 meters or more are a real threat to many large birds and animals, wolves included.

Pavel Mikheyev

如果猎物是狐狸或野兔，唯一能捕到猎物的只有金雕。金雕很强壮，甚至非常强悍，有巨大的爪子，喙强，翼展达2米以上，对于许多大型的鸟类和动物，包括狼来说都能构成真正的威胁。
Nevertheless, the golden eagle is still a wild bird, so it takes a lot of effort, perseverance, tenacity, and strength on the part of the hunter first to obtain such a bird, and then tame and train it to be the ideal hunting partner.

Pavel Mikheyev

尽管如此，金雕仍然是一种野生鸟类，所以猎人要想得到它首先就要具备坚韧、毅力和力量，在付出很大的努力后才有可能，然后经过驯服和训练，让它成为理想的狩猎伙伴。
In most cases, hunters take very young golden eagles from the nest, although adult birds make the best hunters. But adults are far harder to tame and train.

Pavel Mikheyev

猎人往往会从金雕的巢里把雏鸟带走，尽管成鸟才是最好的猎手，但是成鸟更难驯化和训练。
The main element in raising a hunting golden eagle is not to allow the bird to sleep: it always remains in the trainer's field of view, and should the bird doze off, the nest is shaken or doused with water.

Pavel Mikheyev

驯养金雕的主要手段是熬鹰：它要始终在驯养者的视线之内，如果它打瞌睡了，驯养者就会摇动鸟笼，或是浇水。
When the bird becomes calmer and more docile, it is trained to sit on its master's arm. This is when the short tether is lengthened. The eagle gradually becomes very attached to its master. It greets him with a loud screech and tries to fly to him, despite being tethered.

Pavel Mikheyev

当猎鹰变得更平静，更温顺了，就要训练它站在主人的手臂上。这时短系绳就会加长。猎鹰会逐渐和主人产生感情。它会大声尖叫来迎接主人，尽管被拴住了也会想要飞到他身边来。
Having tamed and befriended the golden eagle, the hunter moves on to the second stage of training, which involves horse-riding with the bird. Wearing a thick ox-hide glove, the hunter rides several hours a day with the bird perched on his arm.

Pavel Mikheyev

在驯化金雕，和它形成感情之后，就要开始第二阶段的训练了，其中包括带着猎鹰骑马。猎人戴着厚厚的牛皮手套，每天要骑行几个小时，而猎鹰就站在他的手臂上。
A special hood is placed over the bird's head to cover the eyes. A few lessons are enough to accustom the golden eagle to horse-riding.

Pavel Mikheyev

猎鹰的头部会被戴上一个特殊的眼罩遮住眼睛。只要经过几次，金雕就完全能够习惯骑马了。
When training the eagle to hunt hare or fox, the hunter makes a scarecrow stuffed with hay or straw, and places a slab of bloody meat on its head to feed the bird.

Pavel Mikheyev

在训练金雕狩猎野兔和狐狸时，猎人会用干草或稻草做一个稻草人，在稻草人的手上放一条带血的肉，再把它喂给猎鹰。
The hunter's assistant runs and drags the scarecrow along on a long strap, and at the opportune moment the hunter removes the hood from the bird's head so that it catches sight of the food. Realizing that its prey is escaping, the golden eagle soars, catches up, and lands on it. The bird needs to sink its claws firmly into the scarecrow, and only then can it start pecking the meat.

Pavel Mikheyev

猎人的助手拖着稻草人沿着一条长道奔跑，猎人会在适当的时机摘掉猎鹰的眼罩，让它能够看到食物。发现猎物正在逃脱，金雕会腾空而起，追上去落在猎物身上。猎鹰的爪子要牢牢地插入稻草人身上，只有这时它才可以开始吃肉。
The golden eagle, like most plumed predators in Europe, is under the protection of state legislation and intergovernmental agreements. It is listed as a rare species in the Red Book of Russia.

Pavel Mikheyev

金雕和欧洲大多数猛禽一样，是受国家法律和政府间协议保护的物种。它被俄罗斯稀有动植物红皮书列为珍惜物种。
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2013年5月14日
标签: 动物

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