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沃罗涅日的夜晚流光溢彩 无尽荒原的乌拉尔地区

阿尔泰山区松果大丰收

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
The pine nut harvest begins in late July or early August and lasts around two months, while in mountainous regions the season starts much later.
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Andrey Shapran

松子的收获季节开始于七月末或八月初，大约持续两个月，但在山区，松子成熟的季节要晚很多。
Pine nuts do not thrive every year, and a good harvest happens approximately once every four years.

Andrey Shapran

并不是每年松子的长势都很喜人，大约每四年才能丰收一次
Pine nuts are the most important grain in the food chain, which links almost all living species in the Taiga. All wild beasts — from mice to bears — are ultimately dependent on them in one form or another.

Andrey Shapran

松子是食物链中最重要的粮食，关乎针叶林带中几乎所有生物的生存。从鼠到熊，所有野生动物都以这样或那样的方式依赖松子而存活。
The work of pine nut gatherers is toilsome. They live in dugouts or pitch tents. It gets cold at night, and a stove is a necessity.

Andrey Shapran

采集松子的工作很辛苦，人们只能住在地洞或是帐篷内。晚上气温很低，要靠炉子才能取暖。
Ripe pine cones readily fall to the ground when the branch is struck or shaken.

Andrey Shapran

撞击或摇动松树枝时，成熟的松果会很容易地落在地上。
Cones are sometimes gathered by striking the trunk of the cedar with a large wooden mallet. But this method poses a risk to the tree, and in Altai, where cedars are worshipped, it is generally avoided.

Andrey Shapran

有时用木槌敲击树干来采集雪松的松果。但这种方法会给松树带来伤害，而在阿尔泰地区，雪松是受到人们崇拜的，所以通常不会采用这种方法。
The technique of peeling pines and sifting the seed (nuts) has been mastered over the centuries and has remained practically unchanged in all this time. Only the cone grinder is now mechanical. Cones used to be crushed and crumbled using wooden grooved mashers.

Andrey Shapran

剥离松果和筛选松子的技艺已经流传了几个世纪，而且始终没有改变。只有松果研磨机是机械化的。过去人们用带有凹槽的木质研磨器来碾碎松果。
The husk is poured out of the crusher together with the nuts, and the grain must be separated from the chaff. This is done using a special type of sieve in the shape of a trough with holes of such diameter.

Andrey Shapran

碾好的松子和外壳被一起倒出研磨机，而要把仁和壳分离，就要用带有大小合适孔眼的特殊筛子来完成。
Nuts inside pine seed heads keep for a long time, but gatherers try to shell them on site, since the nut makes up no more than 20 percent of the weight of the cone.

Andrey Shapran

松子如果不去壳能保存很长时间，但由于松子的重量只占松果的20%，采集者往往会就地将它们去壳。
Some of the harvest is sold as cones, inside sacks. Nuts are extracted from the remaining cones.

Andrey Shapran

一部分收获的松果会被装袋直接卖掉，剩下的松果则会被去壳以剥出松子。
After processing, five sacks of cones produce one bag of nuts.

Andrey Shapran

加工后，5袋松果能产出1袋松子。
Nuts can be sold to dealers at a much higher price than cones. But it takes more elbow grease to produce them.

Andrey Shapran

松子的销售价格要比松果高得多。不过加工松子的工作也更为辛苦。
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2013年1月8日
标签: 平民生活、 粮食、 阿尔泰

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