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伟大的俄罗斯歌剧演唱家叶莲娜·奥布拉兹佐娃离世 俄罗斯美女：世界名模萨沙·露丝

彼得大帝人类学与民族学博物馆简介

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Shortly after founding St. Petersburg, Peter I set about developing it. 1714 saw the opening of the city's first museum, known as Kunstkamera or the Cabinet of Rarities. It was also the first natural science museum in Russia.
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PhotoXPress

建立圣彼得堡城不久后，彼得大帝就开始建立这座博物馆。1714年，博物馆建成，被称为“人类学与民族学博物馆”，又名“艺术的房间”，是俄罗斯第一座自然科学博物馆。
The museum is known primarily for its collection of "freaks" - anatomical curiosities and anomalies, many of which were acquired by Peter himself on his travels around Europe.

Reuters

博物馆以收藏“怪胎”—被解剖畸形儿和反常人类而闻名，其中很多展品是彼得大帝自己在欧洲旅行时获得的。
Peter built up the collection over several years. Five years after the founding of the museum, members of the public were at last permitted to see the rarest exhibits. It was decided not to charge an entrance fee. On the contrary, Peter believed that people thirsty for knowledge should be "educated and given a treat, not stripped of their cash."

PhotoXPress

彼得大帝花了数年时间建成了这座博物馆。博物馆成立5年后，才允许公众参观这些稀有的展品。博物馆不但免费参观，而且彼得大帝认为人们对于知识的渴望，应该“受到教育和招待，而不是还要剥夺他们的金钱”。
Besides the anatomical anomalies and curiosities the museum housed a huge collection of antiques revealing the history and life of many different ethnic groups and peoples. Therefore, its official title is the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

A.Varfolomeev/RIA Novosti

除了被解剖畸形儿和稀世珍品外，博物馆还收藏了大量展示多个不同种族和民族历史及生活的文物。因此该博物馆官方全称为“俄罗斯彼得大帝人类学与民族学博物馆”。
Today the museum counts more than 1.2 million items. Its ethnographic, anthropological and archaeological collections are among the finest and largest anywhere in the world.

PhotoXPress

如今该博物馆有超过120万件展品，其人种学、人类学和考古学藏品堪称世界最多且最精致。
Some of the most fascinating of the millions of exhibits are to be found in the collection of Dutch anatomist Frederik Ruysch, who spent 50 years collecting "wet" (preserved in ethanol) specimens of infants, including many prepared heads, and human body parts.

PhotoXPress

数百万件展品中最吸引人的要属由荷兰解剖学家弗雷德里克·勒伊斯(Frederik Ruysch)花50年时间收集的“湿的”（保存在乙醇中）婴儿标本，其中包括许多人类头部和人体器官。
Ruysch's alcoholized babies were joined by the collection of another Dutchman, Albert Seba. On hearing about Kunstkamera, the collector got the idea of selling his assortment of quadrupeds, birds, fish, snakes, lizards and shells to the Russian tsar.

PhotoXPress

勒伊斯的乙醇泡制婴儿等展品中还包括另一位荷兰收藏家艾伯特·塞巴(Albert Seba)的藏品。在听说了这座人类学与民族学博物馆后，塞巴便萌生了将其收藏的四足动物、鸟类、鱼、蛇、蜥蜴及贝壳藏品卖给俄罗斯沙皇的想法。
Interestingly, in the early years of its existence Kunstkamera also featured living "exhibits": people with deformities or of unusual height or appearance. After death their skeletons were not buried, but displayed in glass cases.

Lori/Legion Media

有趣的是，在博物馆开展的最初几年里，还展出过极具特色的“活展品”—畸形、特高、特矮或是外表不同寻常的活人。他们死后未被掩埋，而是被陈列在玻璃柜子中。
The building consists of two 3-storey pavilions and a multi-tier tower. The museum collections occupied the eastern wing of the building, while the middle section housed an anatomical theater and the tower an observatory. Various institutions of the Academy of Sciences, where Mikhail Lomonosov worked, were located in the western wing.

Lori/Legion Media

整座博物馆由两栋3层展馆和一座多层塔楼组成。博物馆藏品占据了整个建筑的东翼，展馆中部为一个解剖剧场，塔楼则为一处瞭望台。米哈伊尔·罗蒙诺索夫（Mikhail Lomonosov）工作过的科学院各院系则位于建筑的西翼。
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2015年1月13日
标签: 历史、 圣彼得堡、 博物馆、 俄国

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