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俄罗斯美女：2014全球美皇后尤利娅·约宁娜 弗拉基米尔：见证古罗斯文明的白石建筑古都

俄罗斯顶级芭蕾舞教育家瓦冈诺娃桃李满天下

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Agrippina Vaganova — a ballerina and ballet teacher — was born in Saint Petersburg 135 years ago. Her career began immediately after graduation from Russia’s oldest ballet school. At that time, she didn’t even imagine that this school would bear her name only 50 years later.
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RIA Novosti

在135年前，芭蕾舞女演员兼芭蕾教师的阿普利宾娜•瓦冈诺娃(Agrippina Vaganova)在圣彼得堡出生。从俄罗斯最古老的芭蕾学校毕业后，她就立刻开始自己的芭蕾舞职业生涯。那时，她还无法想象这所学校仅在50年后就以她的名字命名。
The first professional Russian ballet school was founded in 1738 by order of Empress Anna of Russia (Anna Ioannovna) by the French-born Jean-Baptiste Landé who was a dance master at the Petersburg born in France and a dance master at the Petersburg Landed Gentry Corps. In pre-revolutionary times, most teachers at the school were foreigners.

RIA Novosti

在俄罗斯女皇安娜•伊万诺夫娜（Anna Ioannovna, 1693-1740）的授意下，俄罗斯的第一所专业芭蕾学校由法国人让-巴普蒂斯特•兰德建于1738年。兰德生于法国，是彼得堡贵族士官军备团的舞蹈大师。十月革命前，俄罗斯首个专业芭蕾学校的多数教师是外国人。
A the turn of the century, the famous Russian school of ballet was still in its infancy and imbibed the techniques of the Italian school and the elegance of the French school. However, it had not yet found a set pedagogical practice. This task became the life’s work of Agrippina Vaganova.

RIA Novosti

19世纪末，这所著名的俄罗斯芭蕾学校仍处于襁褓之中，尽管借鉴了意大利流派的技巧和法国流派的优雅，但尚未形成体系化的教学实践方法。这一重任便成为阿普利宾娜•瓦冈诺娃一生的事业。
In 1897, she was accepted into the ballet troupe of the Mariinsky Theater. Her ‘dismal’ physical attributes slowed the dancer’s career. She remained a dancer in the corps de ballet for many years. With time, Vaganova learned to detract attention from her small stature, stocky build, and large head, and bulky, muscular legs to her techniques.

RIA Novosti

1897年，瓦冈诺娃进入马林斯基剧院的芭蕾舞团。她并不出色的身体条件放缓了她的职业发展步伐。她在芭蕾舞团多年却仍只是一个舞者。逐渐地，瓦冈诺娃学会用舞蹈技巧吸引人们的目光，让观众不再在意她的矮胖身材和头大腿粗。
It was Vaganova’s technique that allowed her to brilliantly perform her own solo variations. However, not everyone was impressed by her performance. For example, Marius Petipa severely criticized her.

RIA Novosti

凭借出色的舞蹈技巧，瓦冈诺娃在独舞表演中出色地塑造了多种形象。然而，不是所有人都被她的表演所打动。例如，芭蕾大师马吕斯•佩季帕（Marius Petipa, 1818-1910）就曾严厉地批评过她。
The ballerina remembered her life on stage with bitterness. She was only given main roles not long before the end of her performance career. In 1915, she received the title of ‘ballerina’, but in 1916, she left her career on stage. Beginning in 1921, she began teaching at the school where she herself had studied.

ITAR-TASS

瓦冈诺娃在回忆自己的舞台生涯时依旧感到一丝苦涩。直到她的舞蹈生涯即将结束时，她才有机会担任主角。1915年她获得“主角芭蕾女演员”的头衔，但次年就离开了舞台。从1921年起，她开始在自己曾经就读的学校任教。
The ‘Vaganova method’ played a defining role in the history of ballet, giving rise to many generations of Russian ballet stars. The publication of the book “Basic Principles of Classical Ballet” made the Vaganova method accessible to the whole world.

Pictures from “Basic Principles of Classical Ballet”

瓦冈诺娃教学法在芭蕾史上起到举足轻重的作用，培养了数代俄罗斯芭蕾明星。《古典芭蕾基础》的出版使瓦冈诺娃的教学法传播到全世界。
Her students gradually spread her method throughout the country. Galina Ulanova was one of her first and most important teaching accomplishments.

RIA Novosti

她的学生们也逐渐将她的教学法带到全国各地。加琳娜•乌兰诺娃（Galina Ulanova, 1910-1998）的成功便是她最早、也最重要的教学成就之一。
Starting in 1963, Natalia Dudinskaya, Ulanova’s classmate, began teaching at the Academy. Vaganova considered Dudinskaya her successor.

RIA Novosti

1963年起，乌兰诺娃的同学娜塔莉亚•杜金斯卡娅（Natalia Dudinskaya, 1912-2003）开始在芭蕾学院执教。瓦冈诺娃把杜金斯卡娅视为自己的后继者。
Galina Ulanova, in turn, trained a start of 1960s ballet, <a href=http://http://rbth.com/multimedia/infographics/2014/01/31/ekaterina_maksimova_33721.html target=_parent>Ekaterina Maksimova</a>, and her husband and eternal partner, Vladimir Vasiliev. The 1960s were a time of artistic searching and innovation. Vasiliev and Maksimova were “60s children” on the ballet scene. This star couple had success after success and united the whole world.

RIA Novosti

同时，乌兰诺娃也培养了六十年代的芭蕾明星叶卡捷琳娜•马克西莫娃（Ekaterina Maksimova, 1939-2009）及其丈夫兼舞伴弗拉基米尔•瓦西里耶夫（Vladimir Vasiliev, 1940-）。1960年代是一个艺术探索和创新的年代。瓦西里耶夫和马克西莫娃是芭蕾舞台上“60年代的骄子”。这对明星伉俪一次又一次地取得成功，他们的足迹遍布全世界。
Maksimova also passed on the secrets of Vaganova’s school to her students. One of the academy’s graduates and brightest starts of modern Russian ballet is Ulyana Lopatkina.

RIA Novosti

马克西莫娃也同样将瓦冈诺娃芭蕾学院的秘诀传授给自己的学生，其中一位毕业生正是当代俄罗斯芭蕾舞界最闪耀的明星之一——乌里扬娜•洛帕特金娜（Ulyana Lopatkina）。
<a href=http://rbth.com/articles/2012/08/13/svetlana_zakharova_dancing_on_giselles_points_17327.html target=_parent>Svetlana Zakharova</a>, also graduated from the Vaganova Ballet Academy. She immediately joined the Mariinsky Ballet, where she was made a principal dancer after her first year, when she was just 17. Now she's taking steps to facilitate the study of dance. "I’m very proud to have sponsored a bill that allows students at art academies, not just dance academies, to attend ordinary integrated schools."

RIA Novosti

斯维特兰娜•扎哈洛娃（Svetlana Zakharova）也毕业于瓦冈诺娃芭蕾学院。她很快便入选马林斯基剧院的芭蕾舞团，一年后17岁的她就成为主力演员。现在，她为促进舞蹈学习积极做着贡献。扎哈洛娃表示：“我很自豪能够赞助艺术生进入综合性学校学习，这些学生不光是舞蹈方向的。”
Another prima <a href=http://rbth.com/multimedia/pictures/2014/06/17/diana_vishneva_what_ive_learned_37485.html target=_parent>Diana Vishneva</a>, also a graduate of the school, spends much time training young dancers. “I see how their faces light up when they get this serious impulse in the direction they want to go in, that helping hand." So Vaganova’s method continues its procession around the world.

Press photo

另一位同样毕业于瓦冈诺娃芭蕾学院的首席演员嘉娜•维什尼奥娃（Diana Vishnyova）在培训年轻舞蹈演员上也付出很多精力。维什尼奥娃说：“当他们（学生们）在朝梦想前行的路上得到指点和帮助时，我能看到他们脸上焕发出的喜悦光彩。”
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2014年8月14日
标签: 俄罗斯美女、 艺术、 芭蕾舞、 舞蹈

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