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北极圈内的万紫千红

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
The Khibiny Mountains are a small mass of mountains in the central part of the Kola Peninsula located within the Russian Arctic Circle. It's unique for its geological formation and relief. The largest number of rare plant species in the Murmansk region have been discovered here. Thickets of dwarf birch, shrubs, mosses and lichens abound in the mountains' valleys.
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Alexandr Ermolitsky

希比内山脉是位于俄罗斯北极圈内科拉半岛中部的一小群山脉，拥有独特的地质构造和鲜明的轮廓。在此地发现了摩尔曼斯克州最稀有的植物物种。山谷中遍布丛生的矮桦、灌木、苔藓和地衣。
The nearest cities are located at the foot of the mountains: Apatity (1,715 km from Moscow, the fifth most populous city in the Russian Arctic Circle) and Kirovsk.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

距山脚下最近的城市有俄罗斯北极圈内人口第五多的阿帕季特（本意为“磷灰石”，距莫斯科1715公里）和基洛夫斯克。
The Kola Peninsula's Khibiny Mountains are relatively young; they are "only" 350,000,000 years old. They are also relatively small, only 1200 meters high at the peak of Yudychvumchorr, although they are still "growing" by a few millimeters per year.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

科拉半岛的希比内山脉相对较年轻，有3.5亿年。同时它们也相对比较为矮小，主峰尤德奇乌姆楚尔（Yudychvumchorr）仅有1200米高，但它们在以每年几毫米的速度增高。
It's known that when the Khibiny Mountains were being explored, the Sami - the indigenous people of the Kola Peninsula'- came here only in the summer. According to a Sami legend, the evil spirit of the Khibny punished those who invaded its domain. This is how the Sami poeticized the dangerous avalanches in the mountains that continue to this day.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

当希比内山脉被勘探后，科拉半岛的土著居民萨米人仅在夏天才来到此地。据萨米传说称，希比内山脉的恶魔惩罚那些它领地的入侵者。这是萨米人对直到今天任频发的危险的雪崩做出的诗意阐释。
The renown mineralogist Alexander Fersman led the exploration of the Khibny. He was a geologist for the Northern Scientific Trade Expedition that set out to the Kola Peninsula in March 1920.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

著名矿物学家亚历山大•费尔斯曼（Alexander Fersman）作为1920年3月向科拉半岛出发的北方科学贸易探险的地质学家，领导了对希比内山脉的勘探。
Fersman was interested in the forms of minerals found on the mountain slope. He had never seen any like them before. These minerals are called 'khibinites' in honor of the mountains.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

费尔斯曼对山坡上发现的矿藏构成极为感兴趣，那是他从未见过的矿物。为纪念它们的发现地，这些矿物被命名为希比内矿石。
During the summer months, only mountain climbers and hiking enthusiasts come to the Khibny. The summer in the Arctic Circle is short and fairly cool. In mid-summer, the temperature here is approximately 13 degrees.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

夏季的几个月间，只有登山者和远足爱好者会来到希比内山脉。北极圈内的夏天极短并非常冷。这里仲夏时节的气温约为13°。
After apatites—more precisely the largest source of apatite and nephelometer ores in the world—were discovered in the Khibiny Mountains, progress came to the Kola Peninsula. Mines appeared along with the town of Khibingorsk. A little later, the mines were complemented by a concentrator where the minerals were processed.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

世界上最大储量的磷灰石在希比内山脉被发现后，又进一步扩展到科拉半岛。矿场在希比诺高尔斯克（即今基洛夫斯克）城周围出现。不久又建起了一家处理矿石的选矿厂。
Many of the plants that grow in the Khibiny Massif have a practical and economic purpose. At the end of July-beginning of August, a large amount of berries are gathered: cloudberries, crowberries, bilberries, and blueberries. At the beginning of September, lingonberries are collected.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

很多生长在希比内山的植物具有实用和经济意义。六月底至八月初时节，可采集到大量的浆果：黄莓、红莓、山桑子、蓝莓。九月初还可采到越橘。
The forests also contain mountain ash and stone bramble, while cranberries can be found in the swamps.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

森林中还生长着花椒和石生悬钩子，而蔓越莓则可在沼泽地采到。
A belt of coniferous and mixed forests is located in the base of the valley at the foot of the mountain slopes, and don't reach higher than 470 meters above sea level. The forest belt covers almost one third of the massif. Fir and birch forests are the most characteristic element of the Khibiny Mountains. / Stone birches and willow-herb.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

针叶混合林带位于山坡脚下的谷底并且不会生长在海拔470米以上的高度。林带几乎覆盖了山脉的三分之一地表。枞树和白桦林是希比内山脉最具特色的元素。//岳桦和柳叶菜。
The Khibiny Mountain range's flora is its most precious treasure. In the territory examined here, a large number of species of different ranks included in so-called red books of endangered species were discovered. More than half of all the rare species known in this region grow here.

Alexandr Ermolitsky

希比内山脉边缘的植物群是它最珍贵的宝藏。在这里已查明的区域内发现了大量不同等级的物种，包括被纳入红皮书的濒危物种。这一地区过半的稀有物种生长在希比内山脉。
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2014年5月5日
标签: 自然、 旅游、 北极

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