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俄艺术家别具匠心 手工神兽玩偶活灵活现 古拉格 修道院 旅游地——不同角色下的索洛维茨基

世界各地舒霍夫式建筑纵览

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
The Russian engineer Vladimir Shukhov started working on the the construction of a tower for the radio station in Shabolovka in Moscow in 1919. In mid March, 1922 the radio station tower was put in operation and soon became a true symbol of the city. By now, the tower of 148 meters height has never been restored yet. Today it can be demolished because of its dangerous condition. // Shukhovskaya Tower, Moscow
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ITAR-TASS

1919年，俄罗斯工程师弗拉基米尔·舒霍夫（Vladimir Shukhov）开始担任莫斯科沙波罗夫卡广播塔的设计修建工作。1922年3月中旬，广播塔投入使用，并很快成为莫斯科的城市象征。如今，由于已成危楼，广播塔或被拆除。//莫斯科，舒霍夫广播塔
Engineer Vladmir Shukhov created a large number of original metal constructions, of which the most interesting are his netlike structures: hyperboloid lattice towers, suspended lattice covers, and vaulted lattice covers. // Shukhovskaya Tower, Moscow

RIA Novosti

工程师弗拉基米尔·舒霍夫创造了大批的原始金属结构，其中最有趣的是他设计的网状结构：双曲面格塔、悬浮格子罩以及拱形格子罩。//莫斯科，舒霍夫广播塔
The basic principle of Shukhov’s steel lattice constructions was that they consisted of individual rods forming a three-dimensional network. The major advantage was that they were half the weight of other corresponding structures. // Adziogol Lighthouse, Ukraine

shukhov.org

舒霍夫钢网格结构的基本原理是：由三根独立的杆形成三维网格。这种设计的主要优点是，它们的重量只有其他相应结构的一半。//乌克兰，阿兹奥格尔灯塔
Shukhov’s most popular creation was the hyperboloid tower. The first structure of this type was a water tower he designed for an exhibition at Nizhny Novgorod. Standing 32 meters high, it was one of the attractions. After the exhibition the tower was bought by a sponsor Yury Nechaev-Maltsov and taken to his residence in Polibino // Tower in Polibino

Wikipedia.org

舒霍夫最受欢迎的创作是双曲面塔。其设计的第一座该类型建筑是为下诺夫哥罗德的一个展览而设计的水塔，塔身高达32米，堪称其魅力之一。在展览结束后，赞助商尤里·涅恰耶夫-马里措夫（Yury Nechaev-Maltsov）买下了这座高塔并将其带到他位于波利比诺的住所。// 波利比诺高塔
Nowadays, the heritage of V.G. Shukhov in the construction of the unique hanging and lattice shells structures is developed by the architectural schools of Frei Otto and Norman Foster. These structures are widespread in the modern European and Japanese architecture. // Canton TV Tower, Guangzhou, China

Getty Images

如今，弗雷·奥托及诺曼·福斯特建筑学校仍在研究并发展舒霍夫的建筑遗产风格：独特的悬吊施工和网壳结构。这些结构被广泛应用于欧洲及日本的现代建筑中。//中国广州，广州电视塔
Along with Shukhov’s hyperboloid towers, lattice towers (masts with an observation tower) were erected aboard ships. Shukhov’s design attracted the attention of shipbuilders, since lattice masts afforded minimal air resistance on board a moving vessel. // North Carolina-class battleship

Wikipedia.org

连同舒霍夫的双曲面塔，其格状塔（带有观测塔的桅杆）也被架设在了船上。舒霍夫的设计吸引了造船者的关注，因为格状桅杆可使船在航行中所受的空气阻力达到最小。//北卡罗来纳级战列舰
The second type of lattice structure created by Shukov was the suspended metallic cover. Instead of the usual metal girders, visitors were treated to openwork meshes that seemed to soar high above their heads. The famous architect Norman Foster, who names Shukhov as one of his guru, used his ideas in the construction of the roof of the British Museum. // British Museum, London, Great Britain

Getty Images

舒霍夫创造的第二种网格结构类型为悬浮式金属罩。与通常的金属大梁不同，游客们可欣赏到似乎高立于头顶之上的镂空网格。将舒霍夫列为自己导师之一的著名建筑师诺曼·福斯特（Norman Foster）就在大英博物馆屋顶的建设中融入了这样的思想。//英国伦敦，大英博物馆
Shukhov’s third type of lattice construction was the vaulted cover. However, of greatest interest are the double-curved covers made at the Vyksunsk plant in 1897-1898. Unfrtunatelly they were not saved till today. // Kobe Port Tower, Japan

Getty Images

舒霍夫的第三种网格类型结构为拱形顶盖。不过，其中最有趣的建筑是他在1897至1898年间建于维克荪斯克厂的双曲线顶盖。遗憾的是，它们并没有保存到今天。//日本，神户港塔
The three types of lattice structures invented by Shukhov in the late 19th century had no analogues anywhere else in the world and were true engineering discoveries. Shukhov’s work received international recognition, as evidenced by the gold medals awarded to his constructions at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. // TV Tower, Sydney, Australia

Getty Images

舒霍夫在19世纪末创造的这三类网格状建筑结构，在世界其他地方没有类似的作品，堪称真正的建筑发明。1900年巴黎世界博览会颁发的金牌，证明了舒霍夫的设计得到了国际认可。//澳大利亚悉尼，电视塔
Besides lattice structures, Shukhov also devised and realized many metal structures, including ones conceived as a perceptible element of the interior design of various edifices. Among them are such Moscow landmarks as the covering of Bryansk (now Kiev) Station, the overhead cover of the Metropol restaurant, the steel frame of the shop “Muir and Meriliz” (now TsUM), the overhead cover of the Upper Trading Rows (now GUM), and others. // The roof of GUM, Moscow

ITAR-TASS

除格状结构外，舒霍夫还设计并建造了许多金属结构，包括那些被视为各种豪华建筑室内设计的可感知元素。其中包括布良斯克（今基辅）车站站顶、大都会酒店屋顶、“缪尔和梅里利斯”（现在的中央百货）钢结构、上商场（现在的古姆百货）顶部结构等这样的莫斯科地标式建筑。//莫斯科，古姆百货屋顶
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2014年3月11日
标签: 建筑

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