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俄罗斯人：幸福没有年龄之分 后苏联国家的结构主义建筑遗存

达吉斯坦山区深处诞生的银器珠宝

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
There is a great deal to see in the mountainous region of Daguestan: in the numerous high mountain villages the family secrets of pottery, silversmithing, engraving, gilding, and carving continue to be passed down from one generation to the next. Each village has its own specialisation. Today we travel to the village of Kubachi, one of the most famous traditional centres for the production of silver jewellery, stone and wood carving in the Caucasus.
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Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

达吉斯坦共和国的山区有很多值得一看的东西：在山里的各个村子里，制作陶器，银器，石雕，镀金，雕刻的家传秘诀仍在代代相传。每个村都有自己的“专长”。今天我们来到了库巴奇村，这里是高加索地区最有名的传统银饰、石雕和木雕中心之一。
This village has a rich history and back in the IV Century it was mentioned in the Persian chronicles under the name of Zerikhgeran (warriors), and Kubachi is derived from the Turkish translation. Armourers have worked in the village since ancient times, forging chain mail, swords, and sabres of various shapes and sizes.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

这个村有着丰富的历史，早在四世纪，它就出现在了波斯编年史的武士条目下。
Legend has it that Aleksandr Makedonskiy's helmet was made by Kubachi craftsmen as well as the collection of blank weapons given as a gift by Aleksandr III to Queen Victoria. In Soviet times items made by Kubachi craftsmen were often presented to people of power as extravagant gifts.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

传说中，马其顿亚历山大大帝的头盔就是由库巴奇的工匠制作的。另外，亚历山大三世赠送给维多利亚女王的冷兵器也是这里制作的。在前苏联时期，由库巴奇工匠制作的产品往往是送给位高权重者的贵重礼物。
For example today a vase is kept in the village museum (which features bone carvings, gilding, silversmithing), which was presented to Stalin. After his cult was dethroned it was miraculously returned to the village where it was made.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

比如现在存放在村博物馆里的一个花瓶（动用了骨雕，镀金和錾银），这是曾送给斯大林的礼物。在斯大林主义倒台后，它又奇迹般地回到制造它的村子。
Today's realities have naturally left their mark on production. Chain mail is of course no longer produced, and if a sword is made it is of course not as a weapon.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

如今的现实在产品上也自然会留下自己的印记。锁子甲当然是不再生产了，即便铸造的是剑，也不再是用作为武器了。
Generally the village produces chique dinner-sets, equestrian harnesses, and an awful lot of jewellery for women.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

这个村现在主要生产成套餐具，马术装具，还有大量为女士制作的珠宝。
Interestingly, parallel to the state enterprise, which is engaged in production, many private craftsmen work in the village. It is for this very reason that it is worth coming here and seeing for yourself, how sought after silver plates or a delicate women's bracelet are produced from off-cuts and scraps of silver.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

有意思的是，尽管有从事此类生产的国有企业，很多私人工匠还是在村里工作。正是出于这个原因，到这里来亲眼看一看还是非常值得的，可以看到炙手可热的银盘和精美女士手镯是如何用边角料和废银制作出来的。
The bracelets are decorated with gilt and filigree enamel. As an added nonus you can even watch the entire process from beginning to end.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

手镯上装饰有鎏金和掐丝珐琅。此外，你可以观看完整的制作过程。
As the village is small, all the inhabitants know each other. You can form a more or less complete picture of which craftsmem are in the village now and what their specialisations are quite rapidly. There are craftsmen who are able to take on any work but they are few and far between.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

由于村子很小，所有的居民都相互认识。你能在相当短的时间里就对村里的工匠，他们各自擅长什么形成比较完整的了解。有些工匠什么工种都能胜任，可是他们的数量很少。
It is more often the case that a craftsman will specialise in a specific type of work. For example, silver needs to be smelted and leaves cast for further processing. Only a few people in the village are able to do this kind of work and the other craftsmen approach them.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

更常见的情况下，工匠对于特定类型的工作更为擅长。例如，银需要先进行冶炼，然后留待做进一步的加工。在村里只有少数人能够做到这件工作，其他工匠也会来找他们。
The Kubachi Artistic Combine was once renowned throughout the whole country and even beyond its borders. Craftsmen still work in the combine but not on the same scale as before. A unique collection of objects produced in the combine over a number of years is kept there and is worth taking a look at.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

库巴奇工艺联合体曾享誉全国，甚至名传海外。如今工匠们仍然在联合体内工作，但是规模已不同于以前了。多年来联合体生产的一些独特物品仍保留在那里，确实是值得一看的。
Some of them were in series production, while just a few examples of other objects were produced for a specific order. As you see the examples, you can only marvel at the craftsmanship of these people working with silver and wood.

Ivan Dementievskiy/dementievskiy.livejournal.com

其中一些已进入系列化生产，而只有少数物品是按照特定的要求定做的。当你看着那些物品的时候，你只会惊叹于工匠在制作银器和木雕时的精湛技艺。
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2013年9月17日
标签: 北高加索、 传统、 艺术

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