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领带里的玄妙 新西伯利亚：西伯利亚的冰雪之都

纪念列宁格勒战役胜利70周年

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
The siege of Leningrad started in early autumn 1941. // The sign on the house reads, "This side of the street is most dangerous during bombings".
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RIA Novosti

从1941年初秋开始，列宁格勒陷入敌军的重重包围之中。（图中：房子墙上写着：“这一侧的街道最容易遭到轰炸”。）
By September 8, 1941 German and Finnish forces had surrounded the city, cutting off all supply routes to Leningrad and its suburbs except the Road of Life across the frozen surface of Lake Ladoga. However the original drive on the city failed and the city was subjected to a siege. // On Nevsky Prospekt after German artillery bombardment. Siege of Leningrad.

RIA Novosti

1941年9月8日，德国与芬兰军队将列宁格勒包围，切断了通往这座城市及其郊区的所有补给线路。然而，原本对城市的进攻也因此暂停下来。于是，列宁格勒陷入了长期的被围困状态。
During 1942 several attempts were made to breach the blockade but all failed. // Leningrad townsfolk at the ruins of a destroyed residential house during the siege.

RIA Novosti

1942年1年内，守军曾几次试图冲破封锁，但均以失败告终。（图中：被围困期间，站在被炸毁住宅废墟上的列宁格勒市民。）
The last such attempt was the Sinyavino Offensive. After the defeat of the Sinyavino Offensive, the front line returned to what it was before the offensive and again 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) separated Leonid Govorov's Leningrad Front in the city and Kirill Meretskov's Volkhov Front. // Besieged Leningrad townsfolk leave the bomb shelter after attack over.

RIA Novosti

进攻锡尼亚维诺是最后一次突围尝试。遭遇失败后，前沿阵地退回到此前发动攻击的位置，而城区则被长达16公里（9.9英里）的列昂尼德·戈沃罗夫（Leonid Govorov）列宁格勒前线和基里尔·梅列茨科夫（Kirill Meretskov）沃尔霍夫前线分割开来。（图中：攻击结束后，列宁格勒市民离开防空洞。）
Despite the failures of earlier operations, lifting the siege of Leningrad was a very high priority, so new offensive preparations began in November 1942. // A monument to the emperor Nicholas I in the Isaak Square, concealed during the Leningrad blockade.

RIA Novosti

尽管此前的行动告以失败，但将列宁格勒从被围困中解救出来仍然是需要最优先解决的任务。因此，1942年11月，军队又开始筹备新的进攻计划。（图中：竖立在伊萨克广场上的沙皇尼古拉一世的纪念碑在列宁格勒被围困期间被藏了起来。）
The Germans were well aware that breaking the blockade was very important for the Soviet side. However due to the reverse at Stalingrad and the Soviet offensive at Velikiye Luki to the south of Leningrad, Army Group North was ordered to go on the defensive and was stripped of many troops. The 11th Army, which was to lead the assault on Leningrad in September 1942, and which had thwarted the last Soviet offensive, was transferred to Army Group Center in October. Nine other divisions were also reassigned to other sectors. // A woman and a girl dragging a dead body along Nevsky avenue.

RIA Novosti

德军很清楚，打破封锁对苏军意义重大。随着斯大林格勒战事的发展以及苏军开始对列宁格勒南部城市大卢基进行进攻，德军北方集团军受命进行防守，因此大部分部队被调离。第11集团军是德军于1942年9月对列宁格勒发动进攻的主力部队，并且阻止了苏军的最后进攻。该军团于同年10月被并入中央集团军。此外，其他9个师也被重新分配至其他部队。（图中：一名女子和一个女孩儿正拖着一具尸体沿着涅夫斯基大街行走。）
Despite these tragic losses and the inhuman conditions the city's war industries still continued to work and the city did not surrender. // Two Soviet soldiers and a woman gathering cabbage near St. Isaac's cathedral in besieged Leningrad.

RIA Novosti

尽管遭受惨重损失，生存条件也极其艰苦，但列宁格勒市的军工生产从未停止，这座城市没有投降。（图中：两名苏联士兵和一名女子在列宁格勒的圣以撒大教堂附近收集白菜。）
In December 1942 in the depths of an unusually cold winter, the city's food rations reached an all time low of only 125 grams (about 1/4 of a pound) of bread per person per day. In just two months, January and February of 1942, 200,000 people died in Leningrad of cold and starvation. // A nurse rushing to a wounded man. Leningrad's siege.

RIA Novosti

1942年1月的冬天异常寒冷，城里的口粮配给降至最低点，每人每天只能分到125克（约1/4磅）面包。在1942年1月至2月短短两个月时间里，列宁格勒有20万人死于寒冷和饥饿。（图中：一名护士正跑去救治伤员。）
The only way for supplies to reach the city was the Road of Life, ice transport route across the frozen surface of Lake Ladoga. // Nurses helping an old woman in a ruined house. The siege of Leningrad.

RIA Novosti

图中：护士们正在一座被炸毁的房子里救助一名老妇人。
In December, the operation plan was approved by the Stavka and received the codename "Iskra" (Spark). The breakthrough of the Siege was undertaken January 18 after more than a yearlong blockade. It let the Soviet army create a land corridor to Leningrad which allowed more supplies to reach the city. // Girls on duty on the roof in besieged Leningrad. Air defense.

RIA Novosti

12月，苏联最高统帅部批准了代号为“火花”的行动计划。行动时间定于1943年1月。（图中：在被围困的列宁格勒市内屋顶执勤的女孩子们。）
By January 1943, the situation looked very good for the Soviet side. The German defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad had weakened the German front. // Soviet sailors talking to children on the embankment of the Neva River in besieged Leningrad.

RIA Novosti

1943年1月，苏联战事开始好转。在斯大林格勒包围战中的失败大大削弱了德军的战斗力。（图中：苏联水兵在被围困的列宁格勒市内的涅瓦河岸边与孩子们聊天。
The Soviet forces were planning or conducting offensive operations across the entire front, especially in southern Russia. Amidst these conditions, Operation Iskra was to become the first of several offensive operations aimed at inflicting a decisive defeat on the German Army Group North. // Soviet soldiers fighting in Pushkin. The breakthrough of Leningrad's siege.

RIA Novosti

苏联红军计划或正在实施全面反攻，尤其是在俄罗斯南部地区。面对这种情况，“火花”行动成为对德军北方集团军造成决定性打击的几次战役之一。（图中：苏联士兵在普希金市内进行战斗，试图突破德军对列宁格勒市的包围圈。）
Operation Iskra was a strategic victory for the Soviet forces. From a military perspective, the operation eliminated the possibility of the capture of the city and a German-Finnish link up, as the Leningrad Front was now very well supplied. // Tanks drive toward front line out of besieged Leningrad.

RIA Novosti

“火花”行动成为苏联红军的战略胜利。从军事角度看，此次行动解除了列宁格勒被占领的危机，切断了德军与芬兰军队的联系，列宁格勒前线开始获得充足补给。（图中：坦克驶向被围困的列宁格勒前线。）
For the civilian population, the operation meant that more food was able to reach the city, as well as improved conditions and the possibility of evacuating more civilians from the city. // Three nurses ready for service.

RIA Novosti

对于平民来说，此次行动意味着更多的食物将被运抵这座城市，生活条件得到改善，以及会有更多的平民能够撤离这座城市。（图中：三名护士准备开始工作。）
In January 1943 the Siege was broken and a year later, on January 27 1944 it was fully lifted. At least 641,000 people had died in Leningrad during the Siege (some estimates put this figure closer to 800,000). Most of them were buried in mass graves in different cemeteries, with the majority in the Piskariovskoye Memorial Cemetery, resting place to over 500,000 people and a timeless reminder of the heroic deeds of the city.

Tass Photo

1943年1月，列宁格勒包围圈被成功突破。1年后的1944年1月27日，包围被彻底解除。据统计，至少有64.1万人死于列宁格勒被围困期间（有估计，这一数字接近80万）。他们被埋葬在不同的墓地，其中多达50万人葬于Piskariovskoye阵亡将士公墓。这座公墓永远提醒着人们要牢记这座城市的英雄事迹。
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2013年1月18日
标签: 苏联、 重返苏联、 历史、 周年、 圣彼得堡、 战争、 伟大卫国战争

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