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斯大林格勒保卫战——二战重要转折点

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
70 years ago, in 1942 the greatest battle of WWII started in the Russian city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd). Historians call this battle the first step towards the victory of the Soviet Union in WWII.
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Knorring/RIA Novosti

70年前的1942年，第二次世界大战中规模最大的一场战役在俄罗斯城市斯大林格勒（现在的伏尔加格勒）打响。历史学家将这场战役成为苏联在第二次世界大战中迈向胜利的第一步。
Early in the morning of November 19, 1942, thousands of Soviet cannons shelled the positions of the Nazis, and the Soviet army started a decisive attack.

Zelma/RIA Novosti

1942年11月19日凌晨，成千上万门苏联火炮炮击了德军阵地，随后苏联陆军开始了决定性的进攻。
Several days later, 330,000 Nazi soldiers, officers and generals found themselves locked into a circle of Soviet forces.

ITAR-TASS

几天后，33万名纳粹士兵、军官和将领陷入苏联军队的重重包围之中
The battle lasted for 3 months, but all the Nazis’ attempts to break through this ring of Soviet forces turned out to be in vain.

Zelma/RIA Novosti

这一战役持续了3个月之久，纳粹军队突破苏军包围圈的所有企图都被证明是徒劳的。
The Soviet authorities prepared for this decisive operation for 2 months. A large contingent of forces, mainly from Siberia, was concentrated in Stalingrad.

ITAR-TASS

为此次决定性的军事行动，苏联政府作了2个月的准备。一支来自西伯利亚兵团的庞大部队在斯大林格勒外围集结。
The battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in WWII. The Soviet army managed to stop and turn back the Nazi army, which had conquered nearly the entire Europe. The Nazis never recovered from the strike that the Soviet army delivered on them in Stalingrad.

Zelma/RIA Novosti

斯大林格勒保卫战成为第二次世界大战的重要转折点。苏联军队成功抵挡并击退了几乎占领整个欧洲的纳粹军队。德军在斯大林格勒遭受苏联军队沉重打击之后再没能恢复元气。
The victory in Stalingrad cost the Soviet people titanic efforts. Stalingrad was one of Hitler’s main aims from the very beginning of his war against the Soviet Union. If he managed to conquer this city, this would enable his army to reach the Caucasus, a region rich with oil.

Ryumkin/RIA Novosti

为赢得斯大林格勒保卫战，苏联人民付出了极大的代价。斯大林格勒是希特勒发动苏德战争之初制定的主要攻占目标之一。如果他成功占领这座城市，那么就打通了德军进入高加索地区的道路，丰富的油田资源将唾手可得。
The Nazis had little doubt that they would conquer Stalingrad quickly and with little effort. The army that considered itself invincible did not expect desperate resistance which it received in Stalingrad.

Zelma/RIA Novosti

纳粹德军深信自己能够迅速且毫不费力地占领斯大林格勒。他们自认为无敌，完全没想到会在斯大林格勒遭遇殊死抵抗。
Participants of the Stalingrad battle called it a real hell on Earth. A hill in Stalingrad’s center, called Mamaev Kurgan, was passed several times between the Nazis and the Soviet army.

ITAR-TASS

曾经参加过斯大林格勒保卫战的士兵回忆说，那是真正的人间地狱。位于市中心的玛玛耶夫山岗曾多次成为苏联红军和德军争夺的焦点。
The Stalingrad battle lasted 200 days. Historians say that it was the most large-scale bloodshed in history.

ITAR-TASS

斯大林格勒战役持续了200天时间。历史学家称这是历史上规模最大、最血腥的一场战役。
About 1 mln Soviet servicemen were killed or wounded in this battle, but the Nazis’ losses were also great – they lost about one fourth of their army.

ITAR-TASS

据统计，约有100万苏联士兵在此次战役中伤亡，但纳粹德军的伤亡也很惨重，共损失了约四分之一的兵力。
The Soviet strategic operation in World War II that was conducted 19–23 November 1942 and led to the encirclement of the German Sixth Army, the Third and Fourth Romanian armies, and portions of the German Fourth Panzer Army is known under the codename "Operation Uranus".

ITAR-TASS

1942年11月19日至23日，苏联红军全面展开战略反攻，一举围歼德军第六集团军、罗马尼亚第三和第四集团军，并在“天王星行动”中消灭德军第四装甲军部分部队。
Many archives of the war’s time have not survived. We know the names of practically all people who have been awarded for participation in the Stalingrad battle, but very often we don’t know any details about what their feats were.

ITAR-TASS

战争期间，很多档案未能保存下来。我们知道曾参加斯大林格勒保卫战而获得勋章的每一名军人的名字，却丝毫不了解他们曾经的壮举。
On Monday, November 19, 2012 the installation of memory plaques took place at a memorial complex To Heroes of Stalingrad Battle on Mamaev Hill in the Russian city of Volgograd (ex-Stalingrad). A total of 1,500 plaques with the names of more than 17,000 defenders of Stalingrad will be installed on a 100-meter-long wall.

ITAR-TASS

2012年11月19日，星期一，在俄罗斯城市伏尔加格勒（前斯大林格勒）玛玛耶夫山岗举行了斯大林格勒英雄纪念碑安放仪式。纪录了17000多名斯大林格勒战役守军名字的1500块纪念碑被安放在长100米的纪念墙边。
Also this Monday, November 19, 2012 "Die Stalingrad Protokole", a book that focuses on the historic Battle of Stalingrad, by German historian Jochen Hellbeck’s, was published in the US.

ITAR-TASS

还是在2012年11月19日，由德国历史学家约亨·赫尔贝克（Jochen Hellbeck）所著的《斯大林格勒协议》一书在美国出版。
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2012年12月28日
标签: 军队、 苏联、 重返苏联、 战争、 伟大卫国战争、 伏尔加格勒

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