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潜入奥尔达洞穴 探索自然奥秘 俄罗斯全国著名教堂概览

游走在图瓦的原始风情间

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
“Khan” is sheep offal cooked in a pot with added onion. Tyvans' favorite drink is green tea, which they make in pots with added salt and milk.
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Andrei Shapran

“可汗”（Khan）是当地人常吃的一道菜肴的名称。烹饪时，通常将羊杂碎放入锅中煮熟，加一把洋葱就可以出锅了。图瓦人喜欢喝奶茶，即将绿茶、盐和牛奶放入锅中一起煮沸。
High mountain ranges, including the Eastern Sayan and Western Sayan mountains to the north, enclose the basins. A continuous series of ranges also enclose the republic on the west, south, and southeast: the Altai, Tannu-Ola, and Sangilen mountains. The highest point is Mount Munku-Taiga (Mongun-Taiga; 13,044 feet [3,976 m]) in the extreme southwest.

Andrei Shapran

图瓦共和国被高山环抱。北面矗立着东、西萨彦玲，西、南以及东南面分别为阿尔泰山、唐努乌拉山脉和桑吉连高原，而西南面的蒙贡-泰加山则是共和国境内最高的山峰（高度为3976米）。
A nomad’s horse accompanies him from the cradle to the grave, and in some villages Tyvans still bury the deceased together with his horse — so that he has something to ride in the next world.

Andrei Shapran

牧民的马常会伴随主人一生，不离不弃。在一些乡村中，至今仍保留人死后与自己马合葬的风俗。这样，逝者在另一个世界中也可以骑着自己的马纵情驰骋。
Tyvans also rest, sleep, eat and drink on horseback — a nomad can be in the saddle from dawn till dusk, his feet never touching the ground. Incidentally, a saddle is not compulsory: many Tyvans prefer to ride bareback.

Andrei Shapran

图瓦是马背上的民族，他们在马背上吃东西和睡觉。一位牧人可以从黎明到黄昏一整天都骑在马背上，双脚不沾地。顺便说一下，并不是所有的马都配有马鞍，很多图瓦人喜欢直接骑在马背上。
For traditional nomadic people, the horse is not only a means of transport during the grazing season and migrations, and a source of meat, pelt, and horsehair.

Andrei Shapran

对于传统的游牧民而言，马不仅仅是放牧和迁移时的交通工具，它们也是肉、毛皮和鬃毛的来源。
Until today the main part of the population is living their traditional way of life. That is basically nomadic cattle-breeding. In the West people raise cattle for meat and horses.

Andrei Shapran

时至今日，图瓦人依然过着传统的游牧生活，并饲养马等牲畜。
Industries include food processing, leather making, woodworking, and the manufacture of building materials, but mining, especially of cobalt and asbestos, is the most developed.

Andrei Shapran

图瓦共和国的工业包括食品工业、皮革制造、木材加工以及建筑材料生产，其中以采矿业，特别是钴矿和石棉矿开采最为发达。
The Fauna is presented by 72 types of animals, 240 kinds of birds and 7 kinds of reptiles. One can see such sharp contrasts here as people breeding reindeers in the north east of the Republic and camels in the south. Tuvinians are breed reindeers and hunt for fur (fox, ermine, sable, squirrel, otter, lynx).

Andrei Shapran

当地物种丰富，已经发现有72种动物、240种鸟类以及7种爬虫类。图瓦共和国东北部地区驯养麋鹿，而南部地区则主要繁育骆驼。此外，图瓦人还善于饲养鹿。图瓦人擅长打猎，通常以狐狸、貂、紫貂、松鼠、水獭、猞猁为猎物以获取它们的皮毛。
Wool, meat, and animal furs are important products.

Andrei Shapran

羊毛、肉类和动物皮毛是图瓦共和国的主要特产。
Tyva is an agricultural region, with sheep herding and cattle raising the main occupations.

Andrei Shapran

图瓦经济以农牧业为主。牧羊和养牛是当地的主要职业。
Tyva, also spelled Tuva, republic in south-central Siberia, Russia. Tyva borders northwestern Mongolia and occupies the basin of the upper Yenisey River.

Andrei Shapran

俄罗斯联邦图瓦共和国地处中西伯利亚南部地区，北起叶尼塞河上游流域，南与蒙古国西北部接壤。
There is no shortage of tasty food in Kyzyl. Tyvans eat a lot of meat, so vegetarians might find have trouble. “Araka” is milk vodka, one of the national drinks, which is definitely worth trying. The alcohol content is low at just 20%.

Andrei Shapran

克孜勒城以美食种类丰富著称。图瓦人喜爱吃肉食，因此素食者在图瓦地区旅行时会遇到不少麻烦。在众多当地饮料中，“阿卡拉”（Akara）奶酒绝对不容错过。这种饮料的酒精含量比较低，只有20%。
In 1921 independence was proclaimed for the Tuva People’s Republic, but in 1944 it was annexed by the Soviet Union and made an autonomous oblast (region) of the Russian S.F.S.R. In 1961 its status was raised to that of an autonomous republic.

Andrei Shapran

1921年，图瓦人民共和国宣布独立，但在1944年被苏联吞并，成为隶属于俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国的自治州。1961年，图瓦自治州行政级别提升，成为图瓦共和国。
Tannu Tuva was part of the Chinese empire from 1757 until 1911, when tsarist Russia fomented a separatist movement and in 1914 took the country under its protection.

Andrei Shapran

公元1757-1911年间，图瓦共和国隶属于中国历史上清朝管辖的唐努乌梁海地区。后因沙俄不断煽动而脱离了清政府的管辖，于1914年正式并入沙俄版图。
Foreigners come to Tyva for its distinctive culture: "I'm here for the second year in a row," says Charles from France. "I like the local culture: throat singing, Buddhists, shamans. It's like a cross between Tibet and Russia, but actually something totally unique..."

Andrei Shapran

很多外国人为图瓦共和国独特的文化所吸引。来自法国的查尔斯说：“我已经是连续第二年来这里了！我很喜欢当地的文化、图瓦人的歌喉、佛教徒、萨满巫师等等。这里就像是西藏和俄罗斯文化的交汇点，但这里的文化又非常与众不同。”
Gold-tipped felt hats, sky-blue pants with white pearl beads, red sleeves joined at the back by a small piece of cloth, and soft boots — these are the traditional clothes of Tyva’s Khuresh wrestlers. For the sake of tourists, it is known as "Khuresh wrestling."

Andrei Shapran

金顶毡帽、缀有白色珍珠以及后部缝有一小块布的天蓝色短裤，红色长袖以及软靴——这是图瓦蒙古搏斗手（Khuresh）的传统装扮。游客也常常将这项竞技运动成为“呼列什摔跤”。
A kilometers-long line of chubby, sun-baked fighters with bare bellies tied with thick twine stands in anticipation of Devigi, a dance in honor of the symbol of agility and strength — the sacred eagle. Women are not allowed to participate, for which reason it is traditional to compete with open torso and chest.

Andrei Shapran

由身体健壮、皮肤晒得黝黑的勇士组成的队伍绵延1公里长。他们肚子上绑着粗麻绳，准备跳德威基舞（Devigi）。这是一种象征行动敏捷和力量的竞技舞蹈。由于跳舞时需全裸上身，因此女性不能参加这项活动。
During the celebration of Naadym, people come to Tyva from the remotest corners of the planet, although any settlement beyond the borders of this republic is considered remote: Kyzyl is the geographical center of Asia.

Andrei Shapran

每当举行那达慕大会时（Naadym），很多人都会从世界各个“偏远角落”赶到图瓦参加聚会。克孜勒是亚洲的地理中心，因此完全可以用“偏远角落”一词定义图瓦共和国以外的任何一个地方。
In September 2012, Kyzyl celebrated its 98th anniversary as a city.

Andrei Shapran

2012年9月，克孜勒举行活动庆祝建城98周年。
Its capital is the city of Kyzyl. It is not difficult to lose your purse or camera in Kyzyl. It is similar in that respect to any European city, full of immigrants and rubber-necking tourists. However, at a police station in western Germany, for example, you are unlikely to stumble across shamans whiling away their time, as they stand in line, telling fortunes with ritualistic stones.

Andrei Shapran

图瓦共和国首府为克孜勒城。在那里，钱包、相机等随身物品被盗现象时有发生。与任何一座欧洲城市一样，克孜勒城也有很多外来移民和前来参观的游客。然而，比如说在德国西部，你是不可能在警察局里看到萨满巫师一边排队一边用石头算命消磨时间的情景，但在这里却能让你大开眼界。
The climate is generally of the dry, sharply continental type, with severe winters and warm summers. Vegetation ranges from dry steppe in the basins to dense coniferous forests to alpine meadows that are succeeded by bare rock and snow at the highest elevations.

Andrei Shapran

当地气候干燥，属于温带大陆性气候，冬季寒冷，夏季温暖。地表植被丰富。既有地处盆地的干草原，也有浓密的针叶林和高山草甸。海拔最高处岩石裸露，白雪皑皑。
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2012年12月5日
标签: 平民生活、 节日、 旅游景点、 旅游、 西伯利亚、 民族、 周年、 传统、 蒙古

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