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斯韦特兰娜•科洛索娃手心中的神奇图画 走过科斯特罗马的街头

苏联时代的莫斯科未完成的建筑

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Among the far-reaching programs of the first Stalinist five-year plans, the General Plan for the reconstruction of Moscow, adopted in 1935, overshadowed all others in terms of grandeur. Under the plan, Moscow was to be transformed almost overnight into the model capital of the world's first socialist state.
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angreal.info

在斯大林时代影响深远的第一个五年计划中，于1935年通过的莫斯科重建总体规划在规模上超过了所有其他的项目。根据这一计划，莫斯科几乎要在一夜之间变成世界上第一个社会主义国家的首都典范。
In 1934, a construction tender was announced for the building of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry on Red Square. This grand edifice with a volume of 110,000 cubic meters spread over an area of 4 hectares would have led to a radical reconstruction of Red Square. But it was never built.

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1934年，在红场建设重工业人民委员部的工程招标宣布了。这座容积11万立方米的宏伟建筑，占地面积达4公顷，它将导致红场的整体重建，不过它从根本没有建成。
The tender for the Palace of the Soviets in Moscow was one of the largest and representative architectural competitions of the last century. The idea of erecting a building in the capital of the world's first state for workers and peasants as a symbol of the "imminent triumph of communism" first appeared in the 1920s.

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莫斯科苏维埃宫的招标是上个世纪最大、最具代表性的建筑设计比赛。在世界上第一个工人阶级和农民阶级建立的国家的首都建造一座建筑，象征“共产主义即将胜利”的想法最早出现在20世纪20年代。
The tender for the Palace of the Soviets project was announced in 1931 and consisted of several stages. The Palace of Soviets was conceived as the largest building on Earth. At 415 meters high, it would have eclipsed the two tallest buildings of the day: the Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building. But again, it was never built.

angreal.info

苏维埃宫项目的招标公布于1931年，由几个阶段组成。苏维埃宫被认为是世界上最大的建筑。高415米，可能会超过当时最高的两座建筑：艾菲尔铁塔和帝国大厦。但同样，它也根本没有建成。
In 1931, Moscow City Council launched a closed tender for the construction of a 1000-room hotel, intended to be the most luxurious of its time. Of the six bids received, the project of young architectural duo L. Savelyev and O. Stapran was selected. The Moskva Hotel, as it became known, was completed in 1934.

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1931年，莫斯科市政厅推出了建设一座有1000间客房酒店的非公开招标，计划建成当时最豪华的酒店。在收到的6份投标书中，中标的是两位年轻的建筑设计师L·萨韦利耶夫和O·斯塔普兰。后来的莫斯科大饭店于1934年竣工。
A tender for the Palace of Technology was announced in 1933. An area on the banks of the Moskva River was selected as the construction site. The Palace of Technology was never built.

angreal.info

技术宫的招标在1933年发布。莫斯科河岸上的一个区域被选定为施工现场。技术宫也从来没有建成。
The buildings of architect L. Rudnev are among the most prominent in Moscow. He led the design team on the project to build the high-rise edifice of Moscow State University on Lenin (now Sparrow) Hills (1953). His design project for Arbat Square, which was only partially implemented, reflects the architect's transition from the gloomy splendor of the buildings of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the 1930s to the buoyant pomposity characteristic of the architecture of the 1940s and early 50s. // Building of the People's Commissariat.

angreal.info

建筑师鲁德内夫(Rudnev)的作品在莫斯科是最出名的。他带领的设计团队在列宁山（现在麻雀山）上建造莫斯科州立大学的高层建筑（1953）。他设计的阿尔巴特广场仅施工了一部分，这座建筑反映了这位建筑师从上世纪30年代国防人民委员会建筑阴郁而辉煌的风格，到上世纪40年代和50年代初的愉快而华丽风格的过渡。//人民委员会大楼。
The Aeroflot building, planned to be sited at Belorussky Station, was designed by architect D. Chechulin as a monument to the heroism of Soviet aviation. The project was not realized as originally conceived.

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规划选址位于白俄罗斯站（Belorusskaya）的俄罗斯国际航空公司大厦，是由建筑师切楚林（ Chechulin ）设计的代表苏联航空的英雄主义的丰碑。该项目并没有实现最初的设想。
Dom Knigi (Home of the Book) is a typical example of the early 30s concept of a building as an "architectural monument." In the 1920s, architect I. Golosov made a name for himself in the area of constructivism. The bids he submitted for the Palace of the Soviets and the People's Commissariat projects were highly original. Golosov's distinguishing features are defined as "symbolic romanticism."

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《书的故乡》是30年代初建筑要成为“建筑纪念碑”的建筑理念的典型例子。在上世纪20年代，建筑师格罗索夫（ Golosov ）在建构主义中树立了自己的名字。他提交的苏维埃宫和人民委员会大楼的投标都是非常原创的。格罗索夫的标志性特点被定义为“象征性的浪漫主义”。
L. Pavlov, designer of the Heroes' Arch, suggested siting his monument on Red Square. It was not built.

angreal.info

巴甫洛夫（ Pavlov ）是英雄凯旋门的设计者，他建议他的标志性建筑定在红场。但这座建筑并没有建成。
V. Oltarzhevsky immersed himself in architectural theory and high-rise construction methods. He paid particular attention to the manifold techniques of designing and engineering "high risers." Oltarzhevsky's project was not implemented.

angreal.info

奥尔塔杰夫斯基（ Oltarzhevsky ）沉浸在建筑理论和高层建筑的方法之中。他对设计的多面技术给予了特殊的关注，想出了“高层建筑”的概念。奥尔塔杰夫斯基的项目没有付诸施工。
In 1947, the Soviet government issued a decree on the construction of high-rise buildings in Moscow. By the early 1950s, high-rise buildings had been built on Lenin Hills, Smolensk Square, Lermontov Square, Komsomolskaya Square, Kutuzovsly Prospect, Kotelnicheskaya Embankment, and Vosstaniya Square. Only the construction of a 32-storey administrative building in Zaryadye, slated as one of the main landmarks of the city center skyline, was not complete.

angreal.info

1947年，苏联政府颁布了一项在莫斯科建造高层建筑的法令。到上世纪50年代初， 麻雀山 ，斯摩棱斯克广场，莱蒙托夫广场，共青团广场，库图佐夫斯基（ Kutuzovskiy ）商业中心， 科特尔尼切斯科河堤（ Kotelnicheskaya ）和沃斯塔尼亚（ Vosstaniya ）广场上都出现了建高层建筑。只有被定为城市中央天际线主要地标之一的扎利亚丁的32层行政大楼没有完成。
Behold what Moscow could have been if the projects of Stalin's architects had been realized.

angreal.info

如果斯大林时期建筑师的项目都建成了，那么莫斯科会是什么样子呢？
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2013年4月21日
标签: 莫斯科、 苏联、 重返苏联、 建筑

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