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俄罗斯美女 两届艺术体操奥运金牌得主卡纳耶娃 托尔巴奇克火山口苏醒

从吸毒成瘾到信奉上帝

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
The parish of St George is located in a remote Georgievskoe village in the Ivanovo Region that is about 250 miles (eight hours by car) north-east of Moscow. It hosts one of the 60 rehabilitation centres for drug addicts that the Russian Orthodox Church has opened since the early 1990s. Only 12 people live here – four priests and eight recovering drug addicts from Moscow, St Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Tomsk. The centre tries not to take addicts from nearby towns, in case they begin to think how to escape.
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Denis Sinyakov

圣乔治教区在伊万诺沃地区一个偏远的格奥尔基耶夫斯基村（ Georgievskoe ） ，位于莫斯科以东约250英里（ 8小时车程）。这里有俄罗斯东正教教会自20世纪90年代初以来开设的 60个戒毒中心之一。这里只有12人住在这里 - 4名牧师，和8名来自莫斯科、圣彼得堡、新西伯利亚和托木斯克的戒毒者。该中心尽量不接收来自附近城镇的戒毒者，以免他们想办法逃脱。
The Georgievskoe village consists of a telephone box and a couple of buildings on a hillock, of which one or two, perhaps, are inhabited. The rest stand with their roofs fallen in behind collapsing fences. The monastery grounds are spotless: neatly-trimmed strawberry bushes, garden tools tidily packed away, the greenhouse covered for winter, the paths swept and a horse exercising in the paddock; the farmyard is full of well-fed chickens and a sheep dog is keeping an eye on the enclosure. Nearby they are building a cowshed – as soon as it is feasible, the priests are planning to buy cows.

Denis Sinyakov

格奥尔基耶夫斯基村有一个电话亭，在一个小山丘上还有一两座建筑，其中也许是有人住的。其余的房子屋顶都塌陷了，周围的围墙也都倒了。修道院一尘不染，草莓丛修剪得很整齐，园艺工具被整理收好带走，温室被苫盖好准备过冬，道路打扫得很干净，有一匹马在围场里活动着；农家院里到处是精心喂养的小鸡，一只牧羊犬在守着院子。他们正在附件建一个牛棚，只要建好了，牧师就准备购买奶牛。
Rosy-cheeked, burly and well-mannered young men move around the parish. Aleksandr is bursting with emotion as he holds a chicken in his arms; Anton describes the beautiful sunsets on the Volga River; Andrei remarks shyly about what joy there is in creative work, while the rough-and-ready Konstantin has one of Erich Maria Remarque’s books on his bedside table.

Denis Sinyakov

脸色红润，身材魁梧，彬彬有礼的男青年在教区里走动。亚历山大怀里抱着一只鸡，心情非常激动。安东描述着伏尔加河上美丽的日落，安德烈羞涩地讲述着创造性工作的喜悦，而大大咧咧的康斯坦丁则在床头柜上摆着一本埃里希·玛丽亚·雷马克的书。
The “students” all have a similar history of substance abuse; they all started drinking and smoking at around 12 to 14 years old before experimenting with different “stuff” and becoming unexpectedly hooked... but they never considered themselves drug-addicts.

Denis Sinyakov

这里的“学生”都有相似的吸食毒品的历史，他们都在大约12至14岁开始饮酒吸烟，然后尝试不同的“东西”，然后意外地上瘾了。但他们从来不认为自己是瘾君子。
Father Mefody Kondratyev explains that the idea of getting involved in the rehabilitation of drug addicts arose out of desperation. In 1993, the priests took in an addict as a kind of experiment, accommodated him in a separate building, provided him with an electric boiling ring, and tried to keep mostly away from him – not knowing what might happen. Later there were two addicts, but the priests tried to keep their distance from them, as before.

Denis Sinyakov

梅福迪·孔德拉季耶夫（ Mefody Kondratyev ）神父解释说，帮助吸毒者戒毒的想法是因为绝望才产生的。在1993年，牧师们收容了一个吸毒者进行尝试，把他安置在一幢单独的建筑内，为他提供了电热水器，还尽量让大多数不要接触他 - 因为不知道会出现什么情况。后来这里来了两个吸毒者，可是牧师还是像以前一样，尽量保持和他们的距离。
But by the end of the 1990s, they had begun to realise that things had to be done differently, and over the years that followed they worked out the rehabilitation programme which they still use to this day.

Denis Sinyakov

可是到了上世纪90年代末，他们开始认识到必须采取不一样的策略，在此后的岁月里，他们制定了戒毒计划，并一直沿用至今。
The centre’s residents say that it’s not easy to get taken in here, on the banks of the Volga – you have to pass an interview, and stay clean for at least 10 days before being accepted. Once taken in, residents sign an agreement that they will obey the clergy, attend church services and carry out their duties (that is, carrying out various kinds of assignments).

Denis Sinyakov

戒毒中心的居民说，来这里也不容易，在伏尔加河岸上 - 你必须通过面试，并在至少10天内不接触毒品，然后才会被接受。一旦被接纳之后，居民要签订协议，承诺他们会服从牧师，参加教堂的礼拜，履行自己的职责（即，完成各种交给他们的工作）。
The day begins with a church service for both the priests and their charges, after which there are some short morning exercises followed by breakfast. After breakfast and lunch, each of the residents gets on with their allotted tasks; for some this means chopping firewood, for others bringing in hay, still others clean the dormitories. Evening Service precedes supper. Saturdays and Sundays are rest days and, except for a short church service and their meals, the patients are free to do more or less as they please.

Denis Sinyakov

每天的第一件事是牧师和他们负责的戒毒者在教堂做礼拜，之后在简短晨练后就是早餐。早餐和午餐后，每个居民都要从事分配给他们的任务，有的人要劈柴，有的人负责搬运干草，还有一些负责打扫宿舍。晚餐前要做晚间礼拜。周六和周日是休息日，除了很短的礼拜和一同进餐之外，戒毒者可以按自己的意愿从事工作。
On Saturday evenings, everybody gets together to discuss the week’s results. Each of the parish clergy takes an hour to an hour-and-a-half to go through the previous week’s plan with the residents and assess their progress. On Sundays, the priests prepare the patients for a normal life, discussing different topics with them – how to receive guests, how to arrange a room. Then after supper, they watch a film. Abbot Siluan chooses the films. The parish’s collection includes films by Tarkovsky and Zvyaginstev, along with Russian and foreign classics. On Monday evenings, the residents discuss the films they have seen with the priests.

Denis Sinyakov

每个周六晚上，所有的人会聚在一起讨论本周的成果。每一位教区的神职人员要用一个小时到一个半小时，与戒毒者一起回顾上周的计划，评估其进展情况。在周日，牧师们会让患者做好过正常生活的准备，与他们讨论各种话题 - 如何接待客人，如何安排房间。晚饭后他们会看一部电影，挑选电影的是院长希路安。教区收藏的影片包括塔可夫斯基（ Tarkovsky ）和泽维亚金斯托夫（ Zvyaginstev ）的影片，以及俄罗斯和外国的经典作品。在每周一的晚上，戒毒者们会和牧师们一起讨论他们看的影片。
There are several stages to the rehabilitation process. During the first stage, residents at the centre “come round” and write reflective essays on three standard topics – the story of their addiction, their denial about their dependency (how they justified their dependency), and their powerlessness in the face of their addiction (a description of their inability to deal with their drug dependency, and with dealing with their own thoughts, actions and mistakes concerning their addiction).

Denis Sinyakov

康复过程分几个阶段。在第一阶段，戒毒中心的戒毒者要“回心转意”，就三个标准的题目写论文：他们上瘾的故事，他们对毒品依赖的不肯承认（他们是如何为自己的毒品依赖找理由的），他们在面对毒瘾时的无力感，（描述他们无法面对自己对毒品的依赖，面对与毒品有关的思想，行动和错误的无能为力） 。
The second stage is the spiritual component. The recovering addicts spend several months learning how to deal with their addiction through ascetic self-denial, learning the meaning of fasting, prayer, obedience and the holy sacraments.

Denis Sinyakov

第二阶段是精神层面的。开始戒毒的吸毒者会用几个月时间学习如何面对他们的毒瘾，通过禁欲主义的自我否定，学习禁食，祈祷，服从和神圣誓言的意义。
The third stage is adaptation, which some also call the “half-way house”. The recovering addicts, without losing touch with their mentors, begin to establish a life outside the centre, finding jobs, building social contacts and learning how to live in a drug-free world.

Denis Sinyakov

第三阶段是适应，有的人还称之为“中途之家”。开始康复的吸毒者会在保持与导师的联系下，开始在康复中心之外的生活，他们要找工作，开始社会交往，学习如何在没有毒品的世界里生活。
The average rehabilitation period in the parish is around a year, or a year-and-a-half. No one is kept against their own will. Once residents feel they are able to live in a secular environment, they discuss it with a priest before leaving. The priests of the St George’s parish believe that the rehabilitation method they have developed for treating addiction is successful, although they are not rushing to translate that success into statistics.

Denis Sinyakov

教区内的平均戒毒期大约是一年到一年半。没有谁是强制戒毒的。一旦居民认为自己能够在世俗的环境里生活了，他们就会与一名牧师交谈，然后再离开。圣乔治教区的牧师认为，他们制定的戒毒方法是成功的，不过他们并不急于把这一成功转换成统计数字。
The priests of the St George’s parish believe that the rehabilitation method they have developed for treating addiction is successful, although they are not rushing to translate that success into statistics. “We no longer bother keeping numbers,” says Father Mefody. He says it is a thankless task, as dependency remains latent for life, and one can never tell when someone might falter. This is why the former residents refer to themselves as “recovering”, and not “recovered”.

Denis Sinyakov

圣乔治教区的牧师认为，他们制定的戒毒方法是成功的，不过他们并不急于把这一成功转换成统计数字。梅福迪牧师说： “我们不再费心统计数字。”他说这是个吃力不讨好的任务，由于依赖性仍然潜伏在生活之中，谁也无从判断，一个人什么时候可能会动摇。这就是曾经的居民称自己为“康复中” ，而不是“已康复”的原因 。
Even so, Father Silvanus claims that more than half of their former patients remain “clean”. Those who slip back are not taken back at the parish – they set a bad example for the other inmates, and indulging them might derail the others.

Denis Sinyakov

即便如此，希尔瓦努斯神父声称，他们一半以上病人都没有再碰毒品。那些复吸的人都不会再允许进入教区，因为他们会给其他戒毒者树立坏的榜样，放纵他们可能会让其他人难以康复。
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2013年2月28日
标签: 社会、 平民生活、 疾病、 东正教、 宗教

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