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斯大林式建筑的极端对称性

来源: 《透视俄罗斯》
Contemporary Russian photographer Mikhail Rozanov recreates the image of Soviet architecture literally piece by piece. His eye is caught by the strangely symmetrical compositions of the finest examples of Stalin's empire style: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Frunze Military Academy and, above all, the All-Russia Exhibition Center (VDNKh).
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Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

俄罗斯当代摄影师米哈伊尔·罗扎诺夫(Mikhail Rozanov)将苏联建筑一张张再现于图片上。斯大林帝国式建筑独特的对称风格牢牢吸引了摄影师的目光,其中包括外交部大楼、伏龙芝军事学院以及著名的全俄展览中心。
The architecture of Soviet times is not just a monument to the epoch, but also an illustration of the social ideals of the Kremlin’s former leaders.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

苏联时期的建筑不仅仅是一个时代的里程碑,更体现了克里姆林宫前领导人的社会理想。
Stalin’s empire style was spread during his rule (1933-1953). Some experts consider it to be a variation of art deco.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

在斯大林统治期间(1933-1953),斯大林帝国式建筑风格流行开来。一些专家认为这是装饰派艺术的风格演变。
This architectural style was clearly derived from the French empire style of Napoleon Bonaparte. Early 19th-century France saw a drive to impart the splendor of ancient Rome to towns and cities across the country.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

斯大林式的建筑风格显然传承自拿破仑波拿巴的法兰西帝国风格。19世纪早期,法国人见证了古罗马建筑辉煌在全法各乡镇和城市的传播和流行。
Turrets, spires, fountains, arabesques, Greek columns and statues are typical of the city’s main artery.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

塔楼、尖顶、喷泉、阿拉伯花式、希腊柱和雕像等堪称城市主干线建筑的典型代表。
Among the far-reaching programs of the first Stalinist five-year plans, the General Plan for the reconstruction of Moscow, adopted in 1935, overshadowed all others in terms of grandeur. Under the plan, Moscow was to be transformed into the model capital of the world's first socialist state.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

在斯大林第一个五年计划的宏伟蓝图中,有关莫斯科重建的总体规划于1935年被采用,该规划的宏伟壮丽让所有其它计划都黯然失色。根据该规划,莫斯科将成为世界上第一个社会主义国家的典型首都。
In 1936, the annual Agricultural Exhibition took place on an empty field north of Moscow. By 1939, more than 250 pavilions had been built over an area of 1.36 square kilometers. The pavilions were created in the national styles of Soviet republics and regions — a stroll around the exhibition was like a mini-tour of this vast country.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

1936年,在莫斯科北部空旷地开启了每年一届的农业展览。到1939年,在超过1.36平方公里的区域上建造了250多个展馆。这些展馆按照苏联共和国和地区的民族风格建造——漫步于展馆周围就仿佛游历于这个幅员辽阔的国家。
VDNKh echoes the idea of politicized art and, vice versa, aestheticized politics, which was an important motive in Soviet mythology.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

全俄展览中心呼应了政治化艺术理念,反之亦然,美化了政治,这便是苏联神话的重要动机。
Now the relics of this architectural complex remind us of the idealistic future that people in the 1930s anticipated. Yet this utopian image stands in stark contrast to the mass purges under Stalin's regime.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

现在这些建筑遗迹向我们展示着上世纪30年代人们心中的理想未来。然而,与这种乌托邦式图象形成鲜明对比的是斯大林政权下的大规模肃清。
The Museum of Moscow presents an exhibition entitled "The Clarity of Aim", devoted to the architecture of the mid-20th century. The title of the exhibition reflects the idea of the whole period: "The aim is clear", but unattainable.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

莫斯科博物馆名为“目标清晰”展览的主要内容为20世纪中期建筑。展览的标题反映了整个时代的思想:“目标明确”,但却无法实现。
The ideal symmetry of the pictured objects seems even more terrifying in the present knowledge that so many lives were sacrificed for this ephemeral perfection.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

以现在的观点来看,这些建筑的完美对称性甚为可怕,相当多的生命为这短暂的完美而付出代价。
"Soviet architecture is beautiful and impressive, but today we understand that all this glory was just a fairy tale, and these architectural chefs-d'oeuvre were no more than a decoration for the happiness that would never come true. It is a story about the unattainability of happiness," says the photographer.

Mikhail Rozanov, Courtesy of the Museum of Moscow

“苏联建筑美丽而令人印象深刻,但是今天我们明白,这一切的荣耀只是一个童话故事,这些建筑杰作只不过用来装饰永远不会实现的幸福,它仅是一个关于无法企及的幸福的故事。”摄影师说道。
2015年3月10日
标签: 苏联建筑斯大林

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