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用芭蕾诠释灵感的缪斯女神扎哈罗娃 俄罗斯美女：演员雅尼娜·斯图吉利娜

迎春送冬的谢肉节：焚烧稻草人唤醒冬眠熊

谢肉节是俄罗斯人欢迎春天的传统庆典狂欢活动
来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Maslenitsa (Shrovetide) was originally a pagan holiday. However, with the advent of Christianity, the vernal equinox (March 20-21) became a permanent fixture in Lent. Therefore, the nationwide consumption of pancakes now comes a month earlier.
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Alexey Kulikov

谢肉节（忏悔节）起初是俄罗斯多神教的节日。然而，随着基督教传入俄罗斯，春分日（3月20日-21日）成为大斋节的固定时间点。因此，俄罗斯全国的薄饼消费高峰期便提前一个月到来。
The Slavs, who knew nothing of Easter or fasting, celebrated Maslenitsa at the end of March, when day and night become equal and every living thing awakes.

Alexey Kulikov

古斯拉夫人并不了解复活节和禁斋，他们只是在3月底昼夜平分的那天庆祝谢肉节。在那一天，所有活物都会醒来。
The second Slavic name for Maslenitsa is Komoeditsa, now only remembered in remote villages of Belarus. “Kom” was another word for “bear”. The “honey-eater” was considered the ancestor of all people, and embodied the god of cattle, Veles, who was presented with gifts during Komoeditsa. Pancakes — the symbol of the sun and spring — were held in particular reverence.

Alexey Kulikov

谢肉节的另一个斯拉夫名字是科莫艾迪萨（Komoeditsa），如今该名字仅停留在白俄罗斯偏远村庄的记忆中。“科莫”的意思是“熊”。这位“食蜜者”曾被认为是人类的祖先，是家畜之神“韦莱斯”的化身。在谢肉节期间，人们会向韦莱斯敬献礼物。象征太阳和春天的薄饼将会被人们心怀崇敬地献上。
Strictly speaking, Komoeditsa or Maslenitsa is a festival not only of spring, but of the bear.

Alexey Kulikov

严格地说，科莫艾迪萨或谢肉节不仅是春天的节日，更是熊的节日。
How could it be Maslenitsa without an effigy? For pagans, effigies were imbued with deep meaning: they didn’t represent winter, as Christians thought, but Marena (or Marzanna) — the incarnation of evil and death. This Slavic goddess was associated with seasonal changes and the shift of day and night. Marena was placated all year round, and only at Maslenitsa did she become an object of reprisal for the Slavs.

Alexey Kulikov

谢肉节怎能少得了稻草人？对于曾信仰多神教的斯拉夫人而言，稻草人含有深刻的寓意：并不像基督徒所认为的那样代表冬天，而是象征着马雷娜（或是马尔赞那）——邪恶和死亡的化身。这位斯拉夫女神与季节变化、昼夜交替有关。马雷娜在一整年里都需要被安抚，只有在谢肉节她才会成为斯拉夫人泄恨的对象。
Everyone stood in a circle and performed a round dance around a bonfire, in which gifts to ancestors were placed and Marena was burned.

Alexey Kulikov

人们围着篝火跳舞。篝火中放着献给祖先的祭品，而马雷娜则会被烧掉。
A circle had special meaning for pagans. It represented the changing seasons and the cycle of day and night. People's lives also flow in a circle.

Alexey Kulikov

圆对多神教教徒而言有着特殊的意义，代表了四季变化和昼夜更替。人们的生活也经历着这样的循环。
All this was accompanied by songs and supplications.

Alexey Kulikov

这一切庆祝活动都伴着歌声和祈祷。
Those gathered took turns to sip from a cup of kvass and entreat the gods to be merciful and provide warmth.

Alexey Kulikov

参与者会依次小口抿同一杯克瓦斯，祈祷上帝的仁慈和温暖。
Some of the kvass was poured onto the fire as a sacrifice to the gods and a gift to the Slavs’ forebears, followed by the burning of special ritual bread and pancakes.

Alexey Kulikov

克瓦斯会被洒入火中，这是献给众神的祭品、送给斯拉夫人祖先的礼物。其后便是焚烧特殊的仪式面包和薄饼。
A bear was led to the bonfire to the sound of singing, so that it too could partake in the festival.

Alexey Kulikov

一只熊被领到歌声荡漾的篝火旁，因而它也参加到这个节日中。
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2015年3月3日
标签: 节日、 传统、 娱乐

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