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被拆除的历史风貌：十大遗失的克里姆林宫古迹

那些曾属于克里姆林宫的建筑代表了一个时代的记忆
来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
Founded in 1330, the Church of the Savior in the Pine Forest stood between the Grand Kremlin and Terem palaces. It was demolished by Stalin in 1932-33 to make way for an annex with buffets and smoking rooms for party congress delegates. The site of the cathedral is presently occupied by a five-storey extension to the Grand Kremlin Palace.
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Wikipedia.org

1330年建在松林中的救世主教堂就屹立在大克里姆林宫和泰雷姆宫之间。1932至1933年，为了扩建包含自助餐厅、吸烟室等在内的党代表大会堂，斯大林命令拆除这座教堂。如今，大教堂的原址上坐落着一栋五层建筑，是克里姆林宫的一部分。
The Small Nikolaevsky Palace forms the corner of the Kremlin where Ivanovsky Square intersects Spasskaya Street. At the heart of the palace is the building of the Episcopal House. Emperor Alexander II was born here in 1818, while 1826 saw the celebrated conversation between Nicholas I and Pushkin, who was brought directly from his place of exile for the meeting. The palace was demolished in 1929.

Lori/Legion Media

小尼古拉宫殿位于克里姆林宫的一个角落，也就是伊万诺夫广场与斯帕斯卡亚街相交的地方。小尼古拉宫殿的中心建筑是主教堂。沙皇亚历山大二世1818年就出生在这里，1826年这里进行了尼古拉一世和普希金的著名谈话。为了这次会面，普希金被直接从流亡地带了回来。这座宫殿于1929年被拆除。
The Church of Konstantin and Elena in the lower section of the Kremlin Garden was built in 1692 by Empress Natalia Naryshkina, mother of Peter I. It was demolished in 1928 under the pretext of creating a sports ground for Red Army soldiers. Now the site is home to government buildings and a helipad.

Wikipedia.org

康斯坦丁和埃琳娜教堂位于克里姆林宫内地势较低的地方，于1692年由彼得一世的母亲娜塔莉·纳雷什金娜皇后主持修建。1928年，为了给红军将士修建体育场，这座教堂被拆除了。现在这里坐落着政府大楼和一个直升机停机坪。
In 1730-31 the Church of the Annunciation in the Rye Yard was annexed to the rear of the Annunciation Tower, which served as the Kremlin’s belfry. It was demolished in 1932-33 and not redeveloped.

Lori/Legion Media

1730至1731年，在黑麦院的天使报喜塔后方扩建了天使报喜教堂。天使报喜塔曾是克里姆林宫的钟楼之一。1932至1933年，天使报喜教堂遭遇拆除的命运，此后再无重建。
The historical machicolation of Tainitski Tower defended the fortress gates, drinking well, and underground passage. On the platform inside, cannons were installed and fired every day at noon, and on public holidays there were firework displays. It was demolished in 1930.

Wikipedia.org

泰尼特斯基塔的堞口曾是防守要塞大门、饮水井和地下通道的重要军事点。在历史上，每天正午在其内部平台上都会上膛大炮并开火射击，而在公共假期则会有烟火表演。1930年这里被拆除。
A monument to Emperor Alexander II, unveiled in 1898, was located in the upper section of the Kremlin Garden. The statue of the emperor stood under the shade of a hipped roof encircled by a covered gallery with mosaic portraits of past rulers of the Russian State. The statue was removed in 1918 by decision of the Council of the People's Commissars. The site was not redeveloped.

Lori/Legion Media

为沙皇亚历山大二世建造的纪念碑于1898年揭幕。这座纪念碑位于克里姆林宫里地势较高的地方。沙皇的雕像屹立在四坡屋顶之下，屋顶上装饰着历代俄国统治者的马赛克肖像。这座雕塑于1918年由人民委员会决定拆除，以后也再没有被重建。
A monument designed by Vasnetsov was erected in 1908 on the site of the assassination of Moscow Military District Commander Sergei Alexandrovich by social revolutionary Ivan Kaliaev in 1905 near the Kremlin’s Nikolsky Gates. It was demolished on May 1, 1918, on the orders of Lenin, who personally took part in its removal. The monument was restored in 1998 at Moscow’s Novospassky Monastery.

Wikipedia.org

这座纪念碑由瓦斯涅佐夫于1908年设计建造，坐落在莫斯科军区司令谢尔盖·亚历山大维奇1905年被社会革命者伊万·卡利耶夫所暗杀的地方，临近克里姆林宫的尼克尔大门。1918年5月1日，列宁下令并亲自参与了拆除行动。1998年，这座纪念碑在莫斯科新斯帕斯修道院中重建。
The two chapels at the Spassky Gates were built in the “Russian style” in 1866. Both belonged to St Basil's Cathedral. The left houses the sacred image of Our Lady of Smolensk as a reminder of the city’s return to the Russian lands in the 16th century. The right is renowned for its sacred image of Christ the Savior, an exact replica of the icon over Spassky Gates. They were demolished in 1929.

Lori/Legion Media

位于斯帕斯大门处的两座小教堂按照“俄式风格”于1866年建成，均属于圣瓦西里大教堂。左侧教堂里安放着神圣的斯摩棱斯克圣母像，纪念这座城市在16世纪重新回归俄国大地。右侧教堂因其神圣的基督救世主像而闻名，这是斯帕斯大门图标的一个精确复制品。这两座教堂于1929年被拆除。
To the left of Nikolsky Tower stood the Chapel of St Nicholas the Miracle-Worker, and to the right the Chapel of Alexander Nevsky. They were built in 1821 as memorial monuments to the war with Napoleon in 1812-1814 — from Borodino to the taking of Paris. They were demolished in 1929 together with the chapels at the Spassky Gates.

Wikipedia.org

尼克尔塔的左侧矗立着“神迹制造者”圣尼古拉教堂，而右侧是亚历山大·涅夫斯基教堂。这两座教堂为纪念1812-1814年和拿破仑的战争（从博罗金诺战役到攻破巴黎）而于1821年建成。它们和斯帕斯大门处的两座教堂在1929年一同被拆除。
The chapel at the foot of Borovitskaya Tower contained the “first church in Moscow” — the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist in the Pine Forest, the interior of which was moved across in 1847 after the ancient building next door that housed it was pulled down. The tower was surmounted by a cross, and nine bells hung from its top tier. It was demolished in the mid-1920s.

Lori/Legion Media

位于博罗维茨塔脚下的教堂院落里坐落着“莫斯科的第一座教堂”，也就是松林中的施洗约翰诞生教堂。1847年，这座教堂的圣物被搬往相邻的建筑中，其原来的古老建筑被推到。这座塔上装有十字架，而十字架的顶部还有九个铃铛。这座教堂在20世纪20年代中期被拆除。
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2014年10月29日
标签: 莫斯科、 建筑、 克里姆林宫、 俄中旅游、 俄罗斯城市、 旅游、 历史

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