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40万件展品构成的俄罗斯国家艺术史

来源： 《透视俄罗斯》
The Russian Museum holds the largest collection of Russian art in the world. It includes 400,000 exhibits of painting, sculpture, and decorative arts, housed in four palaces in St. Petersburg (Mikhailovsky, Mramorny, Stroganovsky, Inzhenerny Castle), and the Summer Garden.
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俄罗斯博物馆是全世界规模最大的俄罗斯艺术品展出场所。展品多达40万件，包括绘画、雕塑、装饰艺术等。这些珍品收藏于圣彼得堡4座宫殿（米哈伊洛夫斯基宫、大理石宫、斯特罗加诺夫宫和工程师宫），以及夏日花园。
On display are such world-famous pictures as Briullov's "The Last Days of Pompeii," Repin's "Barge Haulers on the Volga," Vasnetsov's "Knight at a Crossroads." And next to them hang famous works by Serov and Bakst, Malevich and Petrov-Vodkin. The museum's collection is a kind of encyclopedia of every era in the development of Russian art: all the genres, trends, and schools from the 10th century to the present day.

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展览中还展出很多世界名画，如布留洛夫的《庞贝城的末日》、列宾的《伏尔加河上的纤夫》、瓦斯涅佐夫的《十字路口的勇士》等。此外，还有著名的谢罗夫和巴克斯特，马列维奇和彼得罗夫-沃德金的作品。博物馆的藏品成为一部俄罗斯艺术发展年鉴：从10世纪以来的所有流派、发展趋势以及学派，无不包含其中。
Although it took much longer for a museum of national art to appear in St Petersburg than in Moscow, it immediately acquired national status and a permanent home inside one of the city's grand palaces.

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尽管与莫斯科相比，圣彼得堡花了很长时间才成立国家艺术博物馆，但即刻便获得国家级博物馆地位，藏品在城市中的各大宏伟宫殿中永久珍藏。
As conceived originally by Tsar Alexander III, it was intended to embody the Russian idea visually. In the words of the "progressive community," its purpose was to signify Russian art's exceptional contribution to world culture.

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最初的成立设想由沙皇亚历山大三世提出，旨在为从视觉角度体现俄罗斯思想。在“进步的社会”里，其目的为彰显俄罗斯艺术对世界文化所做的特殊贡献。
According to the initial plan, the exposition was to consist of three parts: one dedicated to the life of the reigning emperor, another to ethnography and craft, and the last to actual fine art. However, the first soon lost relevance, the second was assigned a separate museum, while the Russian Museum of Tsar Alexander III began to supplement its collection not only with paintings and sculptures, but also architectural masterpieces from different eras.

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根据最初计划，本届展览由三部分组成：统治者的一生、人种学和工艺，以及工艺美术品。然而，第一部分很快失去意义，第二部分被安排在独立博物馆展出，而沙皇亚历山大三世俄罗斯博物馆开始补充收集藏品，不仅有绘画和雕塑，还有不同时代的建筑杰作。
To begin with in 1895, the exposition was formed of works from the Hermitage's pre-existing collection, as well as the art collections donated to the museum by Princess Tenisheva and Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky, two renowned collectors of Russian art.

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自1895年开始，展品中开始出现冬宫的收藏，以及捷尼舍娃公主（Tenisheva）和洛巴诺夫-罗斯托夫斯基王子（Lobanov-Rostovsky）向博物馆捐赠的艺术收藏。他们两人是著名的俄罗斯艺术品收藏家。
In 1917, the museum was not spared the fate of St Petersburg's streets, palaces, and other municipal objects: all mention of the tsar was removed as the name was reduced to just two words: "Russian Museum." Oddly enough, the nationwide upheaval only helped replenish the collection.

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1917年，所有建筑和场所上的沙皇名字都被去除，缩减为仅两个字的名字——“俄罗斯博物馆”（Russian Museum）。圣彼得堡的博物馆与街道、宫殿以及其它市政建筑无一能幸免。奇怪的是，这场波及全国的巨变仅仅有益于收集藏品。
Two years after the October Revolution, the museum opened the Benoit Wing, named in honor of director and architect Leonti Pavlovich Benoit. Conceived in 1910-1912 years as a pavilion for temporary exhibitions and exhibitions, in 1932 the wing was turned into the Russian Museum's modern art section.

发生十月革命的两年后，博物馆开设“伯努瓦”馆，这是一座以建筑师和董事利昂蒂·帕夫洛维奇·伯努瓦（Leonti Pavlovich Benoit）的荣誉命名的展馆。1910年1912年期间，其曾被设想作为临时展馆用，1932年该馆成为俄罗斯博物馆现代艺术展区。
The Leningrad Blockade, which threatened to choke the entire city, did not pass the Russian Museum by. But thanks to the efforts of a handful of employees, the collection remained almost entirely intact. The most valuable part of the collection was evacuated to Perm. The part of the collection that remained behind was concealed in the museum’s basements and warehouses, while the sculptural series "Anna Ioannovna with a Black Boy" was buried in the yard.

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列宁格勒被封锁的威胁遍及整座城市，其中也包括俄罗斯博物馆。然而，由于几位工作人员的努力，藏品几乎完好无损。最有价值的一部分藏品被转移至彼尔姆，其余部分被藏在博物馆地下室和仓库中，而雕塑品“安娜·伊万洛夫娜和黑人男孩”（Anna Ioannovna with a Black Boy）则被埋在院子里。
Every building of the State Russian Museum is a living relic. The Baroque-style Stroganov Palace displays reconstructed interiors from Russia's Elizabethan era. The austere Mramorny (Marble) Palace, built in the reign of Catherine II, holds modern art exhibitions.

俄罗斯国立博物馆的每一座建筑都是活着的遗迹。巴洛克风格的斯特罗加诺夫宫以伊丽莎白时代的重构内饰而著名。朴素庄严的大理石宫（Mramorny (Marble) Palace）建于叶卡捷琳娜而二世统治时期，现在用于举办现代艺术展。
Inzhenerny (Engineer's) Castle — a fortress protected by a moat and the Moika and Fontanka rivers — is mainly devoted to the era of Tsar Paul I and renowned for its lecture hall. The unique Summer Garden, which reopened after renovation in spring 2012, is further proof that nature framed by talented architects and sculptors can be as fine a municipal monument as cold marble and granite.

工程师宫（Inzhenerny (Engineer's) Castle）是一座被护城河以及莫尼卡和丰坦卡河保卫的城堡，在沙皇保罗一世时代因用作报告厅而著名。独特的夏日花园经过重修后于2012年对外开放，进一步证明了由有才华的建筑师和雕塑家构建的自然景观既可以美丽的非同凡响，也可以像大理石和花岗岩一样硬朗。
During its more than century-long history, the museum has become a vast complex, unrivalled anywhere in Russia. It is at once an art collection, a famous restoration center, and a research institute.

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在超过百年的悠久历史中，博物馆已经成为俄罗斯国内任何地方都无可比拟的庞大的艺术综合体。这里不仅仅有艺术收藏，同时还是著名的修复中心以及研究所。
The museum's library archive contains approximately 170,000 printed items. Every year, various collections tour the world's museums, and in turn the Russian Museum opens its doors to around 50 temporary exhibitions.

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博物馆库存档案文件约为17万件印刷品。每年，各种藏品会在世界各大博物馆中展出，而俄罗斯博物馆还会对外举行50场临时展览。
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2013年6月18日
标签: 历史、 圣彼得堡、 博物馆、 艺术

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